¡VIVA MEXÍCO!
31 estados
1 distrito
federal
Capítal
La Ciudad de
Mexico
Himno Nacional
de Mexico
OFFICIAL LANGUAGE
SPANISH
OFFICIAL RELIGION
ROMAN
CATHOLICISM
Industries
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Petroleum
Silver
Gold
Lead
Copper
Tourism
GOVERNMENT
• Official name Estados Unidos
Mexicanos
• Federal Republic
• Independence Day September 16
Felipe Calderón
• Mexico’s
president
• Elections every 6
years
HISTORÍA
Major Historical Events
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Native civilizations flourish.
1519 - Spanish conquistadors arrive
1810 - Mexican independence from Spain
Mexican American War
French invasion of Mexico (Cinco de Mayo)
Mexican Revolution
NAFTA
Early Civilizations Flourish
• Olmecs (1200600BC)
• Maya (250900AD)
• Toltecs (1200s)
• Aztec (1300s)
Toltec
Maya
Aztec
Olmecs
Tenochtitlan
Aztec capital
1300 AD
Teotihuacan, Mexico
Olmec stone
heads found in
Mexico near the
Gulf of Mexico.
Spanish Conquistadors Arrive
• Spanish conquistadors arrived in
Mexico in 1519.
• They had superior technology such
as guns and horses.
• But the deadliest weapon of the
Spanish was…
DISEASE
Smallpox
Syphillis
Measles
Smallpox killed thousands of
Natives
Hernan Cortez,
Montezuma
Spanish conquistador
1410 AD - 1469 AD
The Great Aztec
Emperor
Mexican
Independence
from Spain
1810
Spain controlled Mexico
until 1810
• Nueva España
• Dominace of the peninsulares
• Resentment of the creoles and
mestizos.
• Influence of the philosophes and the
American Revolution.
Leader of Mexican Independence
•Catholic priest in village called
Delores
•Grito de Delores “¡Mexicanos,
Viva Mexico!”
•September 16, 1810
Father Miguel
Hidalgo
•Led Indians and mestizos to
rise up against the oppressive
Spanish.
•Executed
Mexicans celebrate
September 16 as
their dia de
independencia
(independence day)
just as we celebrate
the 4th of July.
MexicanAmerican War*
(1846-1848)
*Or sometimes referred to as the United
States and Mexico War
Causes
• Manifest Destiny
– Belief that the US should expand to the Pacific.
– Mexico had refused to sell its territory.
• Texas Independence
– Many people who settled Texas were from the
United States.
– Texas declared its independence from Mexico.
– Texas asked to join the United States.
Leaders of the Mexican American
War
General Zachary
Taylor
President James K.
Polk
General Santa
Anna
The Alamo was part of the Mexican
American War.
Results of the Mexican American
War
• United States won.
• Texas became a state.
• Mexico ceded almost half its territory to the
US in exchange for $15 million.
• 13,000 Americans killed.
Territory ceded to the US.
France Invades
Mexico!
French invasion of Mexico
(1862)
Causes
Results
• Mexico owed France
money.
• France wanted to add
Mexico to its empire
• Mexico is ruled by the
dictator Maximilian
until 1867.
Cinco de Mayo
¿Qué es Cinco de Mayo?
• Puebla, Mexico
• Mexican army defeated French
forces on May 5th, 1862.
• Holiday celebrated today in
Mexico and the United States.
Mexican
Revolution
(1910)
Mexican Revolution
Causes
Results
• Unequal land
distribution
• Class inequalities
(small group had all
the power)
• Rival factions wanting
power
• Constitution of 1917
• Land reform
Profirio Diaz (1830-1915)
• President and
dictator (18761911)
• Rurales (special
police)
• Resigned and
was exiled (1911)
Francisco Madero (1873-1913)
• Son of a wealthy
Mexican landowner
• Became president
in 1911.
• Opposed Diaz
• Assassinated in
1913.
Pancho Villa (1877-1923)
•Opponent of Diaz,
supporter of Madero
•Folk hero
•Bandido
•Revolucionario
•Assassinated in
1923
La Cultura de
Mexico
Musica
Los Mariachis
La Corrida de Toros
Famous Painters
Diego Rivera and
Frida Kahlo
1886-1957
Blood of the Revolutionary Martyrs
Fertilizing the Earth 1926
Man at the Crossroads (Hombre en una Encrucijada)
Fresco, 1934
Rivera painted this mural on the wall of the
Rockefeller Center in New York. However, it was
destroyed after Rockefeller and Rivera could not agree
on the interpretation of the mural.
Diego on My Mind
1943
(Frida as Tehuana)
JOSE CLEMENTE OROZCO
1883 - 1949
"Hidalgo Incendiario"
("The Firebrand [Father] Hidalgo")
Diego and Orozco were
influenced by the Mexican
Revolution.
They both traveled and painted in
the United States.
They were both noted muralists.
They were both Socialists.
Famous Writers
• Juana Inés de la Cruz (1648 – 1695)
• Carlos Fuentes (1928-)
• Octavio Paz(1914-1998)
– Nobel Prize in Literature 1990