Protists and Fungi
Table of Contents
Protists
Algal Blooms
Fungi
Protists and Fungi - Protists
Outlining
As you read, make an outline
about protists that you can use
for review. Use the red section
headings for the main topics
and the blue headings for the
subtopics.
Protists
I. What Is a Protist?
II. Animal-Like Protists
A. Protozoans With Pseudopods
B. Protozoans With Cilia
C. Protozoans With Flagella
D. Protozoans That Are Parasites
III. Plantlike Protists
A. Diatoms
B. Dinoflagellates
C. Euglenoids
D. Red Algae
E. Green Algae
F. Brown Algae
IV. Fungus-Like Protists
A. Slime Molds
B. Water Molds
C. Downy Mildews
Protists and Fungi
Protists
What is a Protist? Pg. 189
1. Sentences that are true about protists.
• All protists are eukaryotes, organisms that have cells with
nuclei.
• Some protists are heterotrophs, some are autotrophs, and
some are both.
2.
Lists the three categories into which scientists group
protists.
a. Animal-like protists
b. Plant-like protists
c. Fungus-like protists
Protists and Fungi
Protists
Animal-Like Protists Pg. 189-192
3. Circle the letter of each characteristic that animal-like
protists share with animals.
• heterotroph
• movement
4. Another name for an animal-like protist is _____.
protozoan
5. Describe how a sarcodine, such as an amoeba, gets food.
They extend a pseudopod on each side of the food
particle. The two pseudopods join together, trapping the
particle inside.
Protists and Fungi - Protists
Animal-Like Protists
Amoebas are sarcodines that live in either water or soil. They
feed on bacteria and smaller protists.
Protists and Fungi
Protists
6. Circle the letter of the cell part in an ameoba that removes
excess water.
contractile vacuole
7. Paramecia have more than one nucleus.
True
8. Amoeba:
C- pseudopods
9. Paramecium:
A- cilia
10. Flagellate:
B- flagella
Protists and Fungi - Protists
Animal-Like Protists
Paramecia are ciliates that live mostly in fresh water. Like
amoebas, paramecia feed on bacteria and smaller protists.
Protists and Fungi - Protists
Plantlike Protists
The euglena is a common euglenoid that lives in fresh water. In
sunlight, many euglenas can make their own food. Without
sunlight, they obtain food from their environment.
Protists and Fungi
Protists
11. Flagellates living in symbiosis always harm the animal in
which they live.
False
12. Protozoans that are _______ feed on the cells and body
fluids of their hosts.
parasites
13. Protozoans that are parasites never have more than one
host.
False
Protists and Fungi
Protists
Plant-Like Protists Pg. 193-195
14. Plant-like protists are commonly called _____.
algae
15. Like plants, plant-like protists are_____; most are able to
use the sun’s energy to make their own food.
autotrophs
Protists and Fungi - Protists
Plantlike Protists
Giant kelps are brown algae that have
many plantlike structures.
Protists and Fungi
Protists
16. Table about the different types of plantlike protists:
Diatoms:
• Unicellular
• They have glass-like cell walls; move by gliding in slime
oozed from slits in their cell walls.
Dinoflagellates:
• Unicellular
• They are surrounded by stiff plates, have a variety of color,
have two flagella
Eugleniods:
• Unicellular
• Green, can be heterotrophs; have flagella
Protists and Fungi
Protists
Red algae:
• Multicellular
• Red pigment; found at deep ocean depths
Green algae:
• Multicellular and unicellular
• Lives in colonies; is green; lives in fresh or salt water or
moist areas on land.
Brown algae:
• Multicellular
• Green, yellow, orange, and brown in color; has plantlike
structures; lives in cool, rocky water
Protists and Fungi
Protists
Fungus-like Protists Pg.196-197
17. Sentences that are true about funguslike protists.
• Funguslike protists are heterotrophs.
• Funguslike protists use spores to reproduce.
18. List three types of funguslike protists.
a. slime molds
b. downy mildews
c. water molds
Protists and Fungi
Protists
19. Where do most water molds and downy mildews live?
Most water molds live in water or moist places.
20. Circle the letter of each place where slime molds live.
• moist soil
• decaying plants
Protists and Fungi - Algal Blooms
Comparing and Contrasting
As you read, compare and contrast the two types of algal
blooms in a table like the one below.
Algal Blooms
Properties
Causes
Effects
Saltwater Blooms
Increase in nutrients or
temperature
Freshwater Blooms
Nutrients build up, causing
a rapid increase in algae
growth.
Toxins concentrated in fish
and shellfish that eat algae
can cause illness to people
and other large organisms
when they consume the
fish or shellfish.
Fish and other organisms
in the water die.
Protists and Fungi
Algal Blooms
Saltwater Blooms Pg. 199
1. Sentences that are true about saltwater algal blooms.
• Saltwater algal blooms are commonly called red tides.
• Dinoflagellates and diatoms are two kinds of algae that
often cause red tides.
2. List two conditions that often cause red tides to occur.
A. An increase of nutrients in the water
B. An increase in ocean temperature
Protists and Fungi
Algal Blooms
3. Why are red tides dangerous to people and other
organisms?
The algae produces toxins that become concentrated
in the fish and shellfish that eat the algae. When people or
other organisms eat the fish and shellfish, they can become
seriously ill or even die.
Freshwater Blooms Pg. 200
4. In a process called _________nutrients, such as nitrogen
and phosphorus, build up in a lake or pond over time,
causing an increase in the growth of algae.
eutrophication
Protists and Fungi
Algal Blooms
5. Flowchart:
Algae on the water’s surface prevent _____from reaching
plants and other algae underwater. These plants ____and sink
to the bottom.
•
Sunlight
•
Die
_______that break down the remains of the dead plants
increase in number and use up all the _____ in the water.
•
Bacteria
•
Oxygen
Fish and other organisms ____without the _____they need to
survive.
•
Die
•
Oxygen
Protists and Fungi - Fungi
Asking Questions
Before you read, preview the red headings. In a graphic
organizer like the one below, ask a what or how question for
each heading. As you read, write the answers to your
questions.
Question
Answer
What are fungi?
Fungi are eukaryotes that have cell
walls, are heterotrophs that feed by
absorbing their food, and use spores
to reproduce.
How do fungi reproduce?
Fungi reproduce by making spores.
What is the role of fungi in nature?
Fungi are important decomposers
and recyclers.
Protists and Fungi - Fungi
What Are Fungi?
Fungi are eukaryotes that have
cell walls, are heterotrophs that
feed by absorbing their food,
and use spores to reproduce.
The cells of most fungi are
arranged in a structure called
hyphae.
Protists and Fungi
Fungi
What are Fungi? Pg. 202-204
1.
•
•
Sentences that are true about fungi.
They are eukaryotes
Most use spores to reproduce
2. What are three examples of fungi?
Some examples of fungi are cricket-killing fungus,
bread mold, mushrooms, yeast, and bracket fungi.
Protists and Fungi
Fungi
3.
The cells of fungi are arranged in branching, threadlike
tubes called _____.
hyphae
4. Fuzzy-looking molds that grow on food have hyphae that
are packet tightly together.
False-loosely tangled
5. Identify the structures on the mushroom.
Starting from the top:
Cap
Gills
Stalk
Hyphae
Underground Hyphae
Protists and Fungi
Fungi
6.
Describe the process by which a fungus feeds.
Hyphae from the fungus grow into a food source.
Digestive chemicals ooze from the hyphae into the food.
The digestive chemicals break down the food so the
hyphae can absorb it.
7. Some fungi are parasites.
True
Protists and Fungi - Fungi
What Are Fungi?
Fungi absorb food through hyphae that grow into the food
source.
Protists and Fungi
Fungi
Reproduction in Fungi Pg. 204-205
8.
Most fungi reproduce by making _____.
spores
9. Yeast cells reproduce asexually in a process called ____.
budding
10. Fungi reproduce sexually when growing conditions
become unfavorable.
True
Protists and Fungi
Fungi
11.
What are the three major groups of fungi?
A. Sac fungi
B. Club fungi
C. Zygote fungi
The Role of Fungus in Nature Pg. 206
12. Fungi that are ______break down the chemicals in dead
organisms.
decomposers
13. Certain kinds of fungi cause diseases in plants and
humans.
True
Protists and Fungi
Fungi
14.
Some molds produce______, substances that kill
bacteria.
antibiotics
15. How do some fungi help plants grow larger and healthier?
The fungi’s hyphae grow among the plant’s roots and
absorb water and nutrients from the soil for the plant.
Protists and Fungi
Fungi
16. An organism that consists of a fungus and either algae or
autotrophic bacteria that live together in a mutualistic
relationship is a _____. The fungus provides the algae or
autotrophic bacteria with ______. The algae or
autrotrophic bacteria provide the fungus with _____.
• Lichen
• Shelter, water and minerals
• Food
Protists and Fungi
Fungi
Key Terms
A. Budding
B. Pseudopod
C. Symbiosis
D. Eutrophication
E. Fruiting bodies
F. Pigment
G. Mutualism
H. Cilia
I. Algal bloom
Protists and Fungi - Fungi
Fungi and Trees
A biologist conducted an
experiment to see how rootassociated fungi affect the
growth of four different tree
species. Each species was
divided into two groups–trees
grown with root-associated
fungi and trees grown without
the fungi.
Protists and Fungi - Fungi
Fungi and Trees
Reading Graphs:
How did the biologist
measure tree growth?
By measuring average
height in meters
Protists and Fungi - Fungi
Fungi and Trees
Interpreting Data:
For each species, which
group of trees showed
more growth?
Those grown with rootassociated fungi.
Protists and Fungi - Fungi
Fungi and Trees
Calculating:
What is the average
height difference between
sour orange trees that
grew with root-associated
fungi and those that grew
without fungi?
About 5 meters
Protists and Fungi - Fungi
Fungi and Trees
Calculating:
What is the height
difference between
avocado trees that grew
with and without the
fungi?
About 1.5 meters
Protists and Fungi - Fungi
Fungi and Trees
Drawing Conclusions:
Based on this experiment,
how do root-associated
fungi affect tree growth?
Root-associated fungi
improve or enhance tree
growth.
Protists and Fungi
Graphic Organizer
Excess nutrients flow into a lake.
Algal growth increases.
Layer of algae prevents sunlight from reaching plants and
other algae beneath. These plants and algae die.
Decomposers increase in number and use up
oxygen in the water.
Fish and other organisms in the water die.