
The Protist Kingdom is also known as the “ Junk Drawer Kingdom”.
 THINK! What does this nickname imply about the kingdom?
 The organisms in this kingdom are so different from each other
 However, all protists do share 2 characteristics
 They all have a nucleus
 They all live in moist surroundings

 Because protists are such a diverse group, scientists group them into 3 different categories:
 Animal-like Protists
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Plant-like Protists
Fungus-like Protists
 THINK!
– What characteristics do you think all animal-like protists share?
 All are heterotrophs and
 can move from one place to another
 THINK!
– What characteristic do you think all plant-like protists share?
 All are autotrophs
 THINK!
– What characteristics do you think all fungus-like protists share?
 All are heterotrophs, have cell walls, and reproduce by spores

 Amoebas
 Cell Structure: These are unicellular organisms.
 Movement: They move with a pseudopod , meaning “false foot.” This is when the cell membrane fills with cytoplasm and pushes forward. They are known as shape shifters as they constantly change their shape by cytoplasmic streaming .
 Nutrition: They eat bacteria and other small protists using pseudopods to surround, or engulf , the food into a new food vacuole. Excess water is controlled and expelled from an amoeba through a contractile vacuole.
• THINK! Are they heterotrophic or autotrophic?
 Reproduction : Amoebas reproduce by binary fission.

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United Streaming Clip on Amoebas!
Monsters Inside Me – Brain Eating Amoeba http://animal.discovery.com/videos/monsters-inside-me-the-braineating-amoeba.html

 Paramecium
 Cell Structure : These are unicellular organisms that have an outer pellicle .
 Movement: They move with tiny hairlike projections called cilia that cover the entire cell. Think of cilia as “ tiny oars ” that help to propel the cell forward.
 Nutrition : Cilia sweep food such as bacteria and other small protists into the cell. Food is stored and digested in food vacuoles .
• THINK!
– Are paramecia heterotrophic or autotrophic?
 Reproduction : Paramecia usually reproduce by binary fission but occasionally use conjugation to mix up the genes and increase genetic diversity.

United Streaming Clip on Paramecium!
Paramecium Eating Pigmented Yeast http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l9ymaSzcsdY&feature=related
Paramecium in HD http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a4aZE5FQ284&feature=fvwrel

 Euglenoids
 Cell Structure: These are unicellular organisms.
 Movement: They move by using a flagellum.
 Nutrition: They contain chloroplasts which capture sunlight and turn it into food. However, sometimes when there is no light, they must seek out their food. An eyespot senses light.
• THINK! Are they heterotrophic or autotrophic?
 Reproduction : Euglenas reproduce by binary fission

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United Streaming Clip on Euglena!
Euglena Movement http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fI7nEWUjk3A
Euglena Under Microscope http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=endscreen&v=4MlR3dKfXmc&NR=
1

 Diatoms
 Cell Structure: These are unicellular with beautifull glass-like cell walls. Their shells are used in toothpaste, silver polish, pool filters etc.
 Movement: They move by oozing chemicals out of their cell walls and then gliding gracefully over the slime on the surface of fresh or salty water.
 Nutrition: They make their own food by capturing sunlight .
• THINK! Are they heterotrophic or autotrophic?
 Reproduction : Diatoms reproduce by binary fission

 United Streaming Clip on Diatoms!

 Algae (Green, Red, and Brown)
 Cell Structure: Most green algae is unicellular. However, some green algae such as seaweed are multicellular. Red and brown algae are multicellular .
 Movement: Most algae are anchored to rocks or are floating in fresh or salty water.
 Nutrition: They make their own food by capturing sunlight.
Green algae have a green pigment, red algae have a red pigment, and brown algae have a brown pigment.
• THINK! Are they heterotrophic or autotrophic?
 Reproduction : Most reproduce sexually .

 Refer to the diagrams on page 88!
 United Streaming Clip on Simple, Unicellular Green Algae!

 Refer to the diagrams in textbook!
 Video Clip Importance of
Algae in the Environment

 Water Molds
 Cell Structure: Water molds grow as tiny threads that look like fuzzy coverings.
 Movement: They are able to move at some point in their life.
 Nutrition: Many feed off of crops such as potatoes, cabbages, corn, and grapes. Water molds led to the great Irish potato famine in 1845 that lead to over 1 million deaths of Irish people.
• THINK! Are they heterotrophic or autotrophic?
 Reproduction : Most reproduce by spores . Spores are tiny cells that have the potential to develop into an entirely new organism.


Slime-Molds
 Cell Structure: Slime molds are multicellular mass when they are clumped together as seen above. They are beautifully colored with many being a bright yellow.
 Movement: They move in an amoeba-like way using pseudopods and oozing along the surfaces.
 Nutrition: They feed on bacteria and decaying material .
• THINK! Are they heterotrophic or autotrophic?
 Reproduction : Most reproduce by spores .
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
BEAUTY AND THE BLOB http://www.nytimes.com/slideshow/2011/10/04/science/20111004-
SLIME.html
Movies of Slime Mold (Princeton Univ) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bkVhLJLG7ug