English Colonies
Social/Political/Economic
Conflicts
Essay 1
Though there where many differences in
the development of the New England,
Middle, and Southern colonies, they had
much in common.
What conditions and experiences were
common to American colonists
regardless of their colony or region?
Outline War and Rebellion and King
Phillip’s War
Bacon’s Rebellion
Outline section addressing Trade Pages
Outline the Iroquois Confederation
Outline King William’s War
Outline Salem Witchcraft
King Phillip's War 1675
More English populationcauses Native hostility
New England- 1675
Metacom- or King Phillip
of the Wampanoag tribePlanned a war across
New England
Attacked 25 of 90 Puritan
towns
Bloodiest Indian war
Naragansatt tribe helped
the Wampanoags
Puritans unite to put
down the revolt
Significance- Indians are
in New England
devastated thousands
killed
Bacon’s Rebellion
Virginia- class conflict is beginning “Rich v.
Poor”
Land starts to become scarce
New immigrants and former indentured
servants want land
People move West and this causes Native
problems- fear and violence
Begins about the time of King Phillip’s War
1675-76
Tidewater
Virginia
Frontiersmen and Indians fight
Violence erupts in the western portion of
Virginia
Frontier settlers ask for protection from
Governor Berkeley
Governor Berkeley
A old, Royal appointee
Was seen as corrupt, protecting
landowners and not attacking a major
problem- the Indians
Frontier settlers wanted Indians killed or
removed for more land to be settled
Berkeley did not send and army but built
forts.
Nathaniel Bacon
Bacon wanted to remove the Indian presence in
the west
Became the leader of a group of Frontiersmen
who attacked the Indians
Berkley called for Bacon’s arrest
Bacon very popular, raises troops and goes after
BerkeleyBerkeley flees and Bacon dies young of natural
causes
Charles II sent 1000 soldiers to restore order
Significance of Bacon’s Rebellion
Conflicts existed and patterns are reinforced:
Anglo and Native societies don’t mix
Conflict between rich and poor are evident in
the earliest period of American history
The Royal Government was determined to
assert control when threatened- <economic
interest>
Triangular Trade
English and Trade
Mercantilist Philosophy
Trade/colonies= wealth and power for “Mother
Country”
Earliest colonial development was regulated but
not strictlyIdea was for more movement of peoplefreedom was advocated to motivate settlers
Gradually changes occur- to strengthen Empire
and control of colony
Wealth of colonies causes controls
Navigation Act 1651
Navigation Act 1660
Navigation Act 1696
Is there a pattern associated with these
actions?
Purpose: to 1.Tax and 2.gain control
1st Navigation Act 1651
All trade was to go to England
Carried on British Ships
Problem: Couldn’t enforce effectively
1660 Navigation Acts
Laws were tightened to control trade
Everything through Britain-Or British ports
Monopoly on export trade from colonies
Royal Customs Agents- to help regulate trade in
colonies
Lords of Trade- created- (later Board of Trade)
– Advised king
– Oversee colonies
– Set Colonial Policy
Navigation Act 1696
Established Admiralty Courts-1696
In the colonies to settle trade issues
Royal Judges- no jury
Consequences of Trade Acts
Smuggling- lack of enforcement and
readily available markets for trade cause
smuggling
More controls- Customs Agents stationed
in Colonial ports
Corruption- wealth overcomes limitations
bribery is widespread
Hostility of Colonists toward British
Government- controls
Iroquois Confederation
5 Indian tribes of the Northeastern
Woodlands
– Mohawk, Seneca, Oneidas, Onondagas,
Cayuga
The Great League of Peace Created a
limited alliance of Indian tribes in order to
maintain peace between the 5 Nations.
Become hostile to French and align with
British
Iroquois Confederation
Iroquois tribes wanted to
remove the Huron power- and
take over the trade with French
War broke out between
Iroquois and Huron- (Beaver
Wars)
Huron were middle man
traders- collected furs from
Algonquians- sold to French
King William's War 1690
Or
The French and Indian War Part 1
As a result of antagonisms in EuropeFrench and English rivalry- cause as
series of wars and fighting takes place in
North America
Significance: Iroquois will be aligned with
British at then try to stay NeutralWars continue through the early 1750’s
when the French and Indian War – ends
French presence in North America
Wars Between France and Britain
During the 1600-1700s
King William’s War (1689-1697)
– French and Algonquians v. British colonists
and Iroquois Tribes
Queen Anne’s War (1701-1712)
– French lose Acadia to British (Nova Scotia)
King Georges War (1744-1748)
French and Indian War (1754-1763)
– French are kicked out of North America
Salem Witchcraft Trials (1692)
Accusations of witchcraft come to a small
village in Massachusetts
Bad things were happening to Mass: and
the very religious Puritans believed the
devil was responsible.
Names remain: Sarah Good, Sarah
Osborne, Tituba…
Salem Witches
19 people executed 2 die in jail, one is
tortured to death
Prominent people are accused and the
court is disbanded
Classic Witch Hunt:
“Accused could save their lives only by
confessing and implicating others…”
“Vivid example of people’s capacity to turn
against fellow humans, however innocent,
in an effort to save themselves.”