rd
1800-1914
Colonial Rule in Southeast Asia, 647 – 652
1.
Why did Westerners (Europeans and Americans) begin to increase their search for colonies after 1880? (There are four main reasons.)
Economic motives, rivalries between countries, national prestige (national pride, “bigger better” than everyone else), colonists were better than the natives
2.
Great Britain: What small island on the tip of the Malay Peninsula became a major stopping point for traffic going to or from China? Why did Britain want control of Burma?
(2 reasons)
Singapore was the island; Britain wanted control to protect possessions in India and land route to South China
3.
France: France’s alarm over British attempt to monopolize trade in Southeast Asia caused them to make the Vietnamese Empire a French protectorate by 1884. What other countries were under French rule by 1887?
Cambodia, Annam, Tonkin and Laos - French Indochina
4.
How was Thailand able to become an “independent buffer state” between Britain and
France’s possessions in Southeast Asia?
Asian Kings promoted both countries (were friends with both) – good ties with both countries; Britain didn’t want to start war with France and vice versa – good compromise to allow Thailand to be a “buffer state”
5.
United States: Who is Emilio Aguinaldo? How did he effect the US’s attempts in the
Philippines?
Leader for independence movement in Philippines; lead a failed revolt against US government that caused tension in Philippines – US controlled
6.
Resistance to Colonial Rule: Many subject peoples in Southeast Asia were quite
UNHAPPY with being governed by Western powers. How did they resist?
Defend religion/farmland; focused on bringing everyone together against outside forces;
Peasant revolts; middle class revolts (nationalism)
Empire Building in Africa, 654 – 660
1.
How did Imperialism change in Africa between 1880 and 1914? (Use the map on 655 to help)
What were they hoping to acquire?
Europe converted all African nations under their control – wanted more power for economic growth and industry – more land = more money = more power
2.
North Africa: What is the Suez Canal? Why did Britain want control of it? Outcome?
Suez Canal = connection between the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Seas – made it easier for Britain and most of Europe to trade with Southeast Asia; some revolts but for the most part,
Britain kept control – “life line to India”
3.
North Africa: What happened between Italy and Ethiopia in 1896?
Series of battles, Italy wanted control, but Ethiopians drove them out; Italy’s defeat wanted revenge and in 1911 took over Tripoli (Libya)
4.
Central Africa: Who is David Livingstone? (Page 646)
Explorer that explored in Central Africa for 30 years; reported missing and was found by Henry
Stanley who continued Livingstone’s work
5.
East Africa: What did the Berlin Conference of 1884-1885 decide?
Didn’t want war to happen, discussed land claims; Recognized Britain’s and German’s claims in East Africa; NO AFRICAN DELEGATES
6.
South Africa: What was the Boer War about? Who fought?
Fought over government corruption; Britain wanted Boer’s land – result in war; Boers weren’t going to go down without a fight – fought between British and Boers
7.
What were the only two free states in Africa? (Page 659)
Liberia (freed US slaves) and Ethiopia (remained free with military tactics)

rd
1800-1914
British Rule in India, 666 – 670
1.
How did the British East India Company secure its holdings in India?
Soldiers and forts in the area; hired Indian soldiers (sepoys) to protect company’s interest in region
2.
Why did the Indians (people from India, not Native Americans) revolt against the British in
1857? What was the outcome of the revolt?
British covered bullets in cow and pig fat and gave to sepoys – problem because cow was sacred; Indians didn’t trust British and revolted – Indian’s outnumbered but were unorganized and were defeated by British
3.
What benefits came from British rule in India? (4 benefits)
Order and stability to India (divided by civil war between Hindu and Muslims); honest and efficient government; new school system (trained upper class/elite – 90% of population was illiterate); transportation and technology to India
4.
What was the greatest cost of the British rule in India? (4 costs)
ECONOMIC (zamindars took advantage of tax collection, starvation – growing cotton instead of food); never considered equal
5.
What were two goals of Mohandas Gandhi?
Improve lot of poor; grant independence by nonviolent manner
Nation Building in Latin America, 671 – 677
1.
Which group of Latin American citizens was especially influenced by revolutionary ideas?
Why?
Creoles – disliked domination of Spain and Portugal; found principals of equality of all people, free trade, free press = good
2.
Who is Miguel Hidalgo? What did he do on September 16, 1810?
Parish priest – led revolt against Spanish rulers sentenced to death; Mexico’s
Independence Day
3.
Revolts in South America:
Jose de San Martin and Simon Bolivar Lead revolutions --
4.
What was the Monroe Doctrine?
From the United States -- Guaranteed independence of Latin America; warned against
European intervention in American
5.
Caudillos were the new leaders of Latin American and used military force to keep new nation states together. Who was Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna? Why is he important?
Ruler of Mexico, misused state funds and created chaos – United Stated states gained
Texas from Santa Anna
6.
What is the Panama Canal? How did America receive this? Why did they want it?
US supported rebellion that enabled Panama to gain independence from Colombia; faster trade route
7.
How did Latin American become economically prosperous after 1870?
Increased exports – wheat, beef, sugar, cocoa