Chapter 22
Topic: Cultural Conflict, Bubble, and Burst 1919-1932
Name:
Class/Period:
Due:
Date:
Essential Question(s): What conflicts in culture and politics arose in the 1920s, and how did economic
developments in that decade help cause the Great Depression?
Consideration of this question should draw from the following key concepts of Period 7:
 A revolution in communications and transportation technology helped to create a new mass culture and spread
“modern” values and ideas, even as cultural conflicts between groups increased under the pressure of migration,
world wars, and economic distress. (Key Concept 7.2)
 New technologies benefitted many but also contributed to political and cultural conflicts.
 Wartime tensions and xenophobia led to legislation restricting immigration.
 World Wars I and II contributed to increased migration, both internally and to the United States.
 Global conflicts over resources, territories, and ideologies renewed debates over the nation’s values and its role in
the world while simultaneously propelling the United States into a dominant international military, political, cultural,
and economic position. (Key Concept 7.3)
 World War I increased debates over the proper role of the United States in the world.
Learning Objectives by Theme:
CUL-3: Explain how cultural values and artistic expression changed in response to the Civil War and the postwar industrialization of the United States.
CUL-6: Analyze the role of culture and the arts in 19th and 20th-century movements for social and political change.
CUL-7: Explain how and why “modern” cultural values and popular culture have grown since the early 20 th century and how they have affected American politics and society.
ID-3: Analyze how U.S. involvement in international crises such as the Spanish-American War, World Wars I and II, the Great Depression, and the Cold War influenced public debates
about American national identity in the 20th century.
ID-6: Analyze how migration patterns to, and migration within, the United States have influenced the growth of racial and ethnic identities and conflicts over ethnic assimilation and
distinctiveness.
ID-8: Explain how civil rights activism in the 20th century affected the growth of African American and other identity-based political and social movements.
PEO-2: Explain how changes in the numbers and sources of international migrants in the 19th and 20th centuries altered the ethnic and social makeup of the U.S. population.
PEO-3: Analyze the causes and effects of major internal migration patterns such as urbanization, suburbanization, westward movement, and the Great Migration in the 19th and 20th
centuries.
PEO-6: Analyze the role of both internal and international migration on changes to urban life, cultural developments, labor issues, and reform movements from the mid-19th century
through the mid-20th century.
PEO-7: Explain how and why debates over immigration to the United States have changed since the turn of the 20th century.
POL-6: Analyze how debates over political values (such as democracy, freedom, and citizenship) and the extension of American ideals abroad contributed to the ideological clashes and
military conflicts of the 19th century and the early 20th century.
POL-7: Analyze how debates over civil rights and civil liberties have influenced political life from the early 20th century through the early 21st century.
WOR-4: Explain how the U.S. involvement in global conflicts in the 20th century set the stage for domestic social changes.
WOR-7: Analyze the goals of U.S. policymakers in major international conflicts, such as the Spanish-American War, World Wars I and II, and the Cold War, and explain how U.S.
involvement in these conflicts has altered the U.S. role in world affairs.
WXT-3: Explain how changes in transportation, technology, and the integration of the U.S. economy into world markets have influenced U.S. society since the Gilded Age.
WXT-5: Explain how and why different labor systems have developed, persisted, and changed since 1800 and how events such as the Civil War and industrialization shaped U.S.
society and workers’ lives.
WXT-6: Explain how arguments about market capitalism, the growth of corporate power, and government policies influenced economic policies from the late 18th century through the
early 20th century.
Vocabulary:
Rudolph Valentino
INTRODUCTION
In what ways did The Sheik highlight America’s business success and its political and cultural
divides?
According to a Life magazine cover, what were two famous symbols of the 1920s?
The Great Migration
“the Black Wall Street”
CONFLICTED LEGACIES OF WORLD WAR I
 Racial Strife in Rosewood, FL; East St. Louis and Chicago, IL; and Greenwood
(Tulsa), OK caused by?

Erosion of Labor Rights:
o In 1919, more than _______ million wage laborers went on strike. List two
examples:
o Who said “There is no right to strike against the public safety by anybody,
anywhere, anytime.”
o What was this statement in response to?
o The 1919 Red Scare prefigured the anxieties thirty years later of which era?
Adkins v. Children’s
Hospital
o Did the Supreme Court encourage unions?
o What did managers promote in place of unions?
Welfare capitalism

“Reds”
A Mitchell Palmer
The Red Scare
o What were the Palmer raids in response to?
o According to your text, what was one of the “ugly scars” left by ethnic and
political hositilities of the Great War?
The Passion of Sacco and
Vanzetti
POLITICS IN THE 1920S
i.
Why did Progressivism loose its appeal during the 1920s?
Sheppard-Towner Federal
Maternity and Infancy Act
ii.
Of the following, which was NOT characteristic of the 1920s: limited government,
immigration restriction, a Democratic dominated Congress.
iii.
Who said “The man who builds a factory builds a temple. The man who works there
worships there.”
iv.
What do you think he meant?

Women in Politics
o What marked the first time that Congress designated federal funds for the
states to encourage the administration of a social welfare program?
Alice Paul
o What were some arguments against an Equal Rights Amendment?
Women’s International
League for Peace and
Freedom
o Jane Addams and other WILPF members denounced _________________,
stressed the human suffering caused by _____________, and proposed
_______________ measures.
o What were two accomplishments of the League of Women Voters?
Carrie Chapman Catt

Associated state
Republicans and Business
o Who was elected in 1920?
o According to Secretary of Commerce Herbert Hoover, what would be a
better alternative to government regulation?
Teapot Dome scandal
o To whom did Secretary of Interior Albert Fall lease government-owned oil
reserves?
o In 1924, President Coolidge campaigned for what two things?
McNary-Haugen bills

o Why did President Coolidge oppose a system of federal price supports for
major crops?
Dollar Diplomacy
o Why did Republican presidents encourage private banks to make foreign
loans?
o This practice led to military intervention in what three places?
“American Africa”
o What are the origins of “dollar diplomacy?”

18th Amendment
o Why did “dollar diplomacy” largely fail to promote broad-based prosperity
overseas?
Culture Wars
o What do you think the cultural conflicts over alcohol, religion, immigration,
and race reveal about America during the “roaring twenties?”
o Prohibition
 Who supported prohibition?
Speakeasies
Border barons

Who opposed prohibition?
American Civil Liberties
Union

Did prohibition accomplish its goal of outlawing the “manufacture,
sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors?”
Scopes Trial
o Evolution in the Schools
 The “Monkey Trial” centered around which issue?
 What was the outcome of the “Monkey Trial?”
“indigestible lumps”
o Nativism
 Some native-born Protestants pointed to _______________ as the
primary cause of what they saw as America’s moral decline.
 Who said “America must be kept American”
 Why did so many nativists oppose southern and eastern European
immigration?
National Origins Act
Birth of a Nation

What was the baseline for restricting immigrants beginning in 1924?

Why were so many Mexicans allowed to immigrate to the U.S.?
o The National Klan
 Who did the Klan target?
“Silver Legion”

How did the Klan of the 1920s differ from the Klan of the
Reconstruction-era?
o The Election of 1928
 What was Democratic candidate and Governor of New York Al
Smith’s greatest handicap?
 Republican candidate Herbert Hoover promised that
________________ and _________________________ would
banish poverty.
 Who won?
Hoover Hostesses
INTELLECTUAL MODERNISM
What impact did WWI have on traditional, long-standing assumptions about society?

The Great Migration
Harlem in Vogue.
o What did Harlem symbolize?
o Black Writers and Artists
 Who said “I am a Negro—and beautiful”?
 Who believed that African American culture cold be understood
without heavy emphasis on the impact of white oppression?
Harlem Renaissance
o Jazz—most famous product of Harlem Renaissance
 Origins?
 Who developed its signature mode, the improvised solo?
 What did novelist F. Scott Fitzgerald call the 1920s?
o Marcus Garvey and the UNIA
 Two goals:
“slumming”
Black Star steamship
company

Lost Generation

Legacy (e.g. pan-Africanism):
Critiquing American Life
o List three authors of the “Lost Generation” along with their works:
o Who was the most savage critic of conformity?
o How does The Great Gatsby reflect the sense of disillusionment expressed
among the Lost Generation?
FROM BOOM TO BUST
The “Roaring Twenties” ended with the _____________________________.

The Postwar Economy
o Two examples of consolidation in the chemical and electrical industries:
o Why did agriculture remain significantly weak throughout the 1920s?
United Fruit Company

Consumer Culture
o What are Americans “consuming?” List five:
Consumer credit
o How might this new consumer culture (“buy now, pay later”) reflect the
values of modernity?
o The Automobile
 How did the automobile stimulate other industries?
Autocamp
Clara Bow

How did people pay for automobiles?

How did the automobile change the way Americans spent their
leisure time?
o Hollywood
 Who owned large studios like Paramount?
 Who went to the movies?
 What were two mediums through which America practiced “soft
power?”
 Why did flappers become a symbol of the 1920s?
Rudolph Valentino
RCA
The Kid

The Coming of the Great Depression
o What domestic and global factors helped cause the Great Depression?
o What are some ways that people adapted to depression conditions?
Summary: What conflicts in culture and politics arose in the 1920s, and how did economic developments in that
decade help cause the Great Depression?