Foot Anatomy
Bone Anatomy
• Tarsal Bones
–
–
–
–
–
–
Calcaneus
Cuboid
Navicular
3 Cuneiforms
5 metatarsals
14 phalanges
(proximal, middle,
distal)
• Exception
Mnemonic for Learning Tarsal Bones:
Tiger Cubs
Talus
Need
MILC
Navicular
Medial
A boat
It sails on the Cs
cuneiform (1)
Intermediate
cuneiform (2)
Lateral
Calcaneus
Click R Button for Slideshow
cuneiform (3)
Cuboid
Division of the Foot
• Rearfoot
• Midfoot
• Forefoot
Hindfoot (Rearfoot)
• Subtalor Joint
– Talus and calcaneus
articulation
• Calcaneus
• Inferior Talus
Midfoot
• Composed of
– Navicular
– 3 cuneiforms
– cuboid
Forefoot
• 5 MT’s
– Proximally 1-3
articulate with
cuneiforms
– Proximally 4-5
articulate with cuboid
– Bases articulate with:
• Phalanges
Articulations and Ligamentous
Support
• Subtalor Joint
– Three facets
– Motions of the
Subtalor Joint
• Inversion
• Eversion
Hindfoot Articulations and
Ligamentous Support
• Subtalor Joint
– Ligamentous Support
Medial
Deltoid Ligament
Lateral
ATF CF PTF
• Intra-articular Ligaments
– Interosseous
Talocalcaneal
– Medial Talocalcaneal
– Lateral Talocalcaneal
Midfoot Articulations and Ligamentous
Support
• Six Joints
–
–
–
–
–
–
Talocalcaneonavicular
Calcaneocuboid
Cuboideonavicular
Intercuneiform
Cuneocuboid
Cuneonavicular
Midfoot Articulations and Ligamentous Support
• Ligamentous Support
– Talocalcaneonavicular Joint
• Plantar Calcaneonavicular (Spring
Ligament)
• Talonavicular
• Bifurcate
– Calcaneonavicular
– Calcaneocuboid
– Calcaneocuboid Joint
• Bifurcate Ligament
– Calcaneocuboid portion
• Plantar Calcaneocuboid
• Long Plantar Ligament
Midfoot Articulations and Ligamentous Support
• Ligamentous Support
– Talocalcaneonacicular Joint
• Plantar Calcaneonavicular (Spring
Ligament)
• Talonavicular
• Bifurcate
– Calcaneonavicular
– Calcaneocuboid
– Calcaneocuboid Joint
• Bifurcate Ligament
– Calcaneocuboid portion
• Plantar Calcaneocuboid
• Long Plantar Ligament
Midfoot Articulations and Ligamentous Support
• Ligamentous Support
– Intercuneiform Joints
• Dorsal and Plantar
Intercuneifrom Ligaments
– Cuneocuboid
• Plantar and Dorsal
Cuneocuboid Ligaments
– Cuneonavicular Joints
• Plantar and Dorsal
Cuneonavicular Ligaments
Midfoot Articulations and Ligamentous Support
• Ligamentous Support
– Intercuneiform Joints
• Dorsal and Plantar
Intercuneifrom Ligaments
– Cuneocuboid
• Plantar and Dorsal
Cuneocuboid Ligaments
– Cuneonavicular Joints
• Plantar and Dorsal
Cuneonavicular Ligaments
Forefoot Articulations
and Ligamentous Support
• Tarsometatarsal Joint
(Lisfranc’s Joint)
• Intermetatarsal Joint
• Metatarsalphalangeal
Joint (MTP)
• Interphalangeal Joint
– PIP
– DIP
Forefoot Articulations and
Ligamentous Support
• Ligamentous Support
– Intermetatarsal Joint
• Plantar Metatarsal Lig
• Dorsal Metatarsal Lig
– MTP Joints
• Plantar Fascia
• Plantar Ligament
• MCL and LCL
– Interphalangeal Joints
• Plantar and dorsal joint
capsule
• MCL and LCL
• Ligaments in foot & ankle
maintain arches
• Two longitudinal arches
– Medial longitudinal arch extends from calcaneus
bone to talus, navicular, 3
cuneiforms, and proximal
ends of 3 medial
metatarsals
– Lateral longitudinal arch extends from calcaneus
to cuboid and proximal
ends of 4th & 5th
metatarsals
• Transverse arch
– extends across foot from 1st
metatarsal to the 5th
metatarsal
Arches
Arches of the Foot
• Medial Longitudinal
Arch
–
–
–
–
–
Calcaneus
Talus
Navicular
1-3 cuneiforms
1-3 MT’s
Arches of the Foot
• Medial Longitudinal
Arch continued
– Ligament Support
• Plantar
Calcaneonavicular
• Long Plantar Lig
• Deltoid
• Plantar fascia
Arches of the Foot
• Medial Longitudinal
Arch continued
– Ligament Support
• Plantar
Calcaneonavicular
• Long Plantar Lig
• Deltoid
• Plantar fascia
Arches of the Foot
• Medial Longitudinal
Arch continued
– Ligament Support
• Plantar
Calcaneonavicular
• Long Plantar Lig
• Deltoid
• Plantar fascia
Arches of the Foot
• Medial Longitudinal
Arch continued
– Ligament Support
• Plantar
Calcaneonavicular
• Long Plantar Lig
• Deltoid
• Plantar fascia
Arches of the Foot
• Medial Longitudinal Arch
continued
– Muscular Support
• Intrinsic
– Abductor Hallucis
– Flexor Hallucis Brevis
• Extrinsic
– Tibialis Posterior
– Flexor Hallucis Longus
– Flexor Digitorum
Longus
Arches of the Foot
• Medial Longitudinal Arch
continued
– Muscular Support
• Intrinsic
– Abductor Hallucis
– Flexor Hallucis Brevis
• Extrinsic
– Tibialis Posterior
– Flexor Hallucis Longus
– Flexor Digitorum
Longus
Arches of the Foot
• Lateral Longitudinal Arch
– Composed of
• Calcaneus
• Cuboid
• 4-5th MT’s
– Ligament Support
• Long & Short Plantar
• Plantar Fascia
Arches of the
Foot
• Lateral Longitudinal
Arch continued
– Muscle Support
• Intrinsic
– Abductor Digiti
Minimi
– Flexor Digitorum
Brevis
• Extrinisic
– Peroneus Longus,
Brevis & Tertius
Arches of the Foot
• Transverse Arch
– Formed By:
– Ligament Support
• Intermetatarsal Ligaments
• Plantar Fascia
– Muscle Support
• All intrinsic muscles
• Extrinisic
– Tibialis Posterior
– Tibialis Anterior
– Peroneus Longus
Plantar Fascia
Once the skin of the sole of the foot
has been removed, there is a very
dense organized layer of deep
fascia that runs down the middle of
the sole; this is the plantar
aponeurosis.
The plantar aponeurosis is thought
to help maintain the medial
longitudinal arch of the foot.
Foot Muscles – Plantar Surface
• Superficial Layer
– Abductor Hallucis
– Abductor Digiti
Minimi
– Flexor Digitorum
Brevis
Foot Muscles – Plantar Surface
• Middle Layer
– Quadratus Plantae
– Lumbricales
Foot Muscles – Plantar Surface
• Deep Layer
– Flexor Hallucis Brevis
– Adductor Hallucis
• Transverse and Oblique
Heads
– Flexor Digiti Minimi
Foot Muscles – Plantar Surface
• Interosseus Layer
– Plantar Interossei
– Dorsal Interossei
Foot Muscles –
Dorsal Surface
• Extensor Digitorum
Brevis
• Extensor Hallucis
Brevis