Mrs. Kercher
8th Grade Gifted
Chapter 23
 What
challenges did the world’s nations face
in the late 1900s and early 2000s?
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Think About:
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World War I
World War II
The Cold War
The Vietnam War
Terrorism
Global Interdependence
 The
onset of WWI can be traced to
nationalism, imperialism, and the buildup of
military forces in Europe.
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The killing of Archduke Francis Ferdinand, the
heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne led to a split
in the European alliance system.
Why did many European nations form alliances?
 The
Allies’ victory over the Central Powers
came soon after the U.S. entered war.
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The Germans used submarines to sink ships
bound for Britain because they wanted to stop
the English from receiving food and supplies.
The Germans did not win a swift victory because
trench warfare created a stalemate that lasted
for years. German forces received strong
resistance from French and British forces.
Why would other countries become involved in a
war between two warring nations?
 The
Treaty of Versailles changed the map of
Europe and created resentment.
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The allies redrew the map of Europe because
they believed nationalities should rule
themselves.
President Wilson wanted to create a League of
Nations to promote democracy and prevent
future wars.
What impact did the conditions imposed on
Germany by the allies have on the German
economy?
 The
Russian Revolution resulted in the
world’s first Communist state.
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Czar Nicholas II was the ruler of Russia who was
forced to give up control in 1917.
Communism is a political system in which the
government owns all businesses and controls the
economy.
The Russian Revolution was caused because of
poverty, wartime, food shortages, and heavy
losses of life.
Why was Vladimir Lenin able to gain support to
overthrow the government?
 Read
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pages 662 – 665 and reflect on:
Why did many European nations form alliances?
Why would other countries become involved in a
war between two warring nations?
What impact did the conditions imposed on
Germany by the allies have on the German
economy?
Why was Vladimir Lenin able to gain support to
overthrow the government?
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
Think about the different news magazines that you
have seen at bookstores, newsstands, or in the
library. What is featured on the cover? As you read
this chapter, look for people or events that could be
the subject of a cover story for a magazine from the
time period you are studying. When you finish
reading this chapter, choose an event or person and
create a cover pages for a magazine and write a short
article about this subject for your cover story.
Take notes on important people who played key roles
during WWI. Be sure to list supporting details about
what these people accomplished. (p. 665 # 6)
 Another
global conflict, WWII, pitted the
Allies against the Axis Powers from 1939 to
1945.
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The Axis Powers were Germany, Italy, and Japan.
The Allies were Great Britain, the USA, Soviet
Union, and France.
Adolf Hitler was the leader/dictator of Germany.
Benito Mussolini was the leader/dictator of Italy.
After the attack on Pearl Harbor the U.S. fought
with the Allies against Japan and German forces.
What strategy did the Allies use to defeat
Germany?
 The
results of WWII included a staggering loss
of life and a new power struggle between the
U.S. and the Soviet Union.
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The war with Japan ended with the U.S. dropping
two powerful atomic bombs on Hiroshima and
Nagasaki.
The Holocaust was an attempt by the Nazis to
wipe out Jewish people.
The United Nations was formed as an attempt to
prevent another world war.
Was the atomic bomb a good way to end the war
with Japan?
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The Cold War was a period of tense rivalry
between the U.S. and the Soviet Union.
Germany became divided as a result of the West
side becoming a democracy and taking economic
aid from the U.S. The East side became a
communist nation siding with the Soviets.
In what way did the Cold War extend to Asia?
 Read
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pages 666 – 669 and reflect on:
What strategy did the Allies use to defeat
Germany?
Was the atomic bomb a good way to end the war
with Japan?
In what way did the Cold War extend to Asia?


Think about the different news magazines that you
have seen at bookstores, newsstands, or in the
library. What is featured on the cover? As you read
this chapter, look for people or events that could be
the subject of a cover story for a magazine from the
time period you are studying. When you finish
reading this chapter, choose an event or person and
create a cover pages for a magazine and write a short
article about this subject for your cover story.
Page 669 – Complete #4 – Make a list of key events of
WWII. For each event, write a sentence about the
key people involved.
 Colonialism
ended after WWII as countries in
Asia, the Middle East, and Africa gained
independence.
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Colonial rule changed after WWII. European
countries lost rule over their colonial empires.
Gandhi was the leader of an independence
movement in India.
In 1947, the United Nations voted to divide the
Palestine Mandate, formerly under British
control, into Jewish and Arab states.
Why would the U.S. and the Soviet Union have
been interested in gaining the support of African
countries?
 The
Cold War ended with democracy on the
rise and Communism in retreat.
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Both the U.S. and the Soviet Union built huge
numbers of missiles, bombers, and nuclear
weapons as part of the Cold War.
In what way was the Cold War a battle of
ideologies?
Why did the government of Eastern Berlin feel
compelled to build a wall separating East Berlin
from West Berlin?
What was North Korea’s purpose in invading
South Korea?
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The U.S. became involved in the Vietnam War to
keep South Vietnam from becoming a Communist
country.
The Cold War impacted the Soviet Union’s
economy. Things became very costly to attempt
to keep up with the American military buildup.
Gorbachev’s reforms in the Soviet Union sparked
reform movements in other Communist
countries.
How has China blended the political ideology of
communism with the economic practices of
capitalism?
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Worldwide terrorism has become a great threat
to peace.
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Terrorists acts include: shootings, bombings,
kidnappings, and hijackings.
Terrorist attacks have become more common and
deadly in the 1900s.
The goal of the Irish Republican Army was
independence for all of Ireland.
Osama bin Laden was a Muslim extremist who used
the terrorist group, al Qaeda, to wage acts of
terrorism against the US.
President Bush invaded Iraq because he believed Iraqi
leader, Saddam Hussein, was a threat to Americans.
 Worldwide
terrorism has become a great
threat to peace.
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In what way is terrorism unlike a war between
nations?
Why will it take cooperation to end the threat of
terrorism?
 Global
interdependence creates new
opportunities and challenges.
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The global economy refers to the linking of
nations around the world in a single economic
network.
Technology furthers the development of the
global economy by connecting countries
(individuals) around the world within a few
seconds via an internet connection.
How do you think the future will be impacted by
technology?
 Global
interdependence creates new
opportunities and challenges.
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Wangari Maathai was honored by the Nobel Peace
Prize for her efforts in planting millions of trees
across Africa.
Currently, sixteen nations work together on
building a space station in space.
Why do you think the Nobel Committee honored
the Green Belt Movement?
What challenges do you think will be faced and
overcome in future international relations?

Read pages 672 – 679 and reflect on:
 Why would the U.S. and the Soviet Union have been
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interested in gaining the support of African countries?
In what way was the Cold War a battle of ideologies?
Why did the government of Eastern Berlin feel compelled to
build a wall separating East Berlin from West Berlin?
What was North Korea’s purpose in invading South Korea?
How has China blended the political ideology of communism
with the economic practices of capitalism?
In what way is terrorism unlike a war between nations?
Why will it take cooperation to end the threat of terrorism?
How do you think the future will be impacted by
technology?
Why do you think the Nobel Committee honored the Green
Belt Movement?
What challenges do you think will be faced and overcome in
future international relations?


Think about the different news magazines that you
have seen at bookstores, newsstands, or in the
library. What is featured on the cover? As you read
this chapter, look for people or events that could be
the subject of a cover story for a magazine from the
time period you are studying. When you finish
reading this chapter, choose an event or person and
create a cover pages for a magazine and write a short
article about this subject for your cover story.
Page 679 – Complete #6 – You’ve just read about
other important events and people from the most
recent period in history. Would one of these events
or people make a good cover story for your magazine?
Make a list of any topics that you would consider
writing about.
 Page
682 – Complete # 20 – Review your notes
and decide whether you will write about a
person or event. Which do you think would
make the strongest cover story for your
magazine? What are the important facts that
you will need to include about your subject?
How will you help your reader see why your
subject was important enough to be featured
on the cover of a magazine? Once you have
decided on your topic, write an article about
your chosen subject.