How did the U.S. grow geographically?
How did the U.S. grow
geographically?
1803
1819
1845
1846
1848
1853
Louisiana Purchase
Florida Cession
Texas Annexation
Oregon Country
Mexican Cession
Gadsden Purchase
Expansion Vocabulary
Cede: means to formally give up
something
 Cession: means the act of ceding– the act
of giving something up
 Annex: to add a territory to a country.
 Annexation: what the addition of a
country is called.

ANDREW JACKSON & THE
CESSION OF FLORIDA
(1819)
Was this territorial expansion just or unjust?
The Cession of Florida

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Since the 1500s, Florida belonged to Spain as a colony
After purchasing the Louisiana Territory, President
Jefferson offered to buy Florida from Spain
Spain said “no deal”
The Cession of Florida

Many white Americans living
in the south wanted the U.S.
to take over Florida– for 2
main reasons:
1.
Slave owners from Georgia
were mad that slaves would
runaway to Florida (the slaves
were welcomed and accepted
by the Seminole Indians)
2.
White landowners in Georgia
were upset by Seminole raids
on their lands
Seminole Indian Chiefs
The Cession of Florida
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Spain could not prevent the slaves
from running way AND Spain
could not stop the Seminoles from
raiding Georgia farmland
So…in 1818 President James
Monroe sent Andrew Jackson–
the hero of the Battle of New
Orleans– to the Georgia/Florida
border
Jackson was allowed to chase the
raiding Seminoles back to
Florida…and that was it.
The Cession of Florida

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Jackson did more than he
was ordered to do– he
marched his U.S. troops into
Spanish Florida (essentially
invading another country
without authority)
Spain demanded that the
U.S. call Jackson out of
Florida and punish him
The Cession of Florida
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Rather than doing so, President Monroe
sent Spain a message: either govern
Florida properly (stop the raids, stop
the runaway slaves) or get out
Spain, fearing war, agreed to cede
Florida to the U.S.
In return, the U.S. agreed to honor
Spain’s claim to the Texas territory
In 1819, the Florida territory officially
became part of the United States
through a treaty with Spain
Was the Florida Cession Just or
Unjust?
Glue the Was Westward Expansion Just or
Unjust? Graphic Organizer into your notebook
 Briefly summarize the Florida Cession on the left
(use the terms Spain, Andrew Jackson, runaway
slaves, invasion, cede)
 On the right, answer the question above in a
complete sentence. Write two sentences that give
at least two reasons for your answer.

On the back of the historical writing
assignment paper

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Four squares
Cherokees
Andrew Jackson
Indian Removal Act of 1830
Trail of Tears
Do Now
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Record in Agenda: Trail of Tears historical writing
assignment due next class
Open notebook to next available page and title it
Texas Annexation 1845 and record the following
information:
Annex: to add a territory to a country.
Annexation: what the addition to a country is called.
TEXAS ANNEXATION
(1845)
Was this annexation just or unjust?
Texas Annexation

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In 1821 Texas was part of Mexico
Mexico had just won its independence
from Spain
Mexican officials allowed Stephen
Austin, to bring 300 families into
Texas to grow cotton.
In return, settlers had to obey
Mexican laws, become Mexican
citizens, join the Catholic Church, and
not keep any slaves.
The settlers agreed.
Stephen Austin, businessman who
brought settlers into Mexico.
Texas Annexation
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•
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•
The American settlements
grew. There were more
Americans than Tejanos
(Mexican Texans)
Americans didn’t obey
Mexican laws because they:
Wanted religious freedom.
Wanted to remain Americans.
Needed slaves to grow
cotton.
Texas Annexation
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•
•
•
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Mexican General Santa
Anna
Tejanos (Mexican Texans) were
unhappy with American Texans
because:
Some Americans had entered
Mexico illegally
They weren’t following the laws
They refused to use the language.
So the Mexican government
closed Texas to Americans and
sent troops to Texas
Texas Annexation
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Texans were angry
They declared independence from
Mexico and began a rebellion
Mexican General Santa Anna lead a
large Mexican army to put down the
rebellion.
 180 Texans tried to hold off
Mexican soldiers at the Alamo . The
Texans lost.
 Texans eventually defeated the
Mexican army at the San Jacinto
River.
 Texas became an independent
country.
Davy Crockett at the Alamo
Texas Annexation
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U.S. Southern states wanted
Texas to become a state.
U.S. Northern states didn’t
because Texas allowed
slavery.
Manifest Destiny won out,
and Texas was annexed as
a state in 1845.
Manifest Destiny Documentary Projects
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Each group member
has to complete
research from 4
sources
2 of your sources must
be books
The other 2 may be
websites or other
books

We will begin to
discuss the specifics of
making the
documentary once the
research has been
completed
Was the Texas Annexation Just or
Unjust?
Turn to the Was Westward Expansion Just or
Unjust? page.
 Briefly summarize the Texas Annexation on the
left (use the terms Stephen Austin, Mexico,
slavery, Alamo)
 On the right, answer the question above in a
complete sentence. Write two sentences that
give at least two reasons for your answer.
