Name ________________________________________ Period _________ Date __________________
Chapters 8 & 9 -- Photosynthesis & Cell Respiration
Obtaining Energy
 Autotrophs
o Organisms that get their energy from the ___________
o Use photosynthesis to make ___________
o Ex: _______________
 Heterotrophs
o Organisms that get energy from eating ____________________
o Ex: ______________________
Why is photosynthesis important?
 Makes organic molecules out of inorganic molecules
o Makes ____________________ (sugar) from ____________________
 It begins ALL food ____________________and ____________________
 Also provides ____________________gas to the atmosphere
Photosynthesis = “putting together with light”
 Process that uses sunlight to turn ____________________and
________________________________________ into glucose
 Plants use glucose as ____________________
 Autotrophs ____________________ glucose and heterotrophs are
____________________of it
1
Overview
 Two parts to photosynthesis
o Light reactions
o Require ____________________ to occur
o Creates ____________________ and ____________________ (a different
form of energy)
o Also makes ___________ as a byproduct
o Calvin Cycle
o Does ______________ require sunlight
o When CO2, ATP, and NADPH make ____________________
Chloroplasts
 Parts of the chloroplast
o Thylakoids
o Flattened _________________ where reactions occur
o Granum
o A ____________________ of thylakoids
o Stroma
o ____________________ between the grana
Light Reactions
 During light reactions, the plant’s ____________________________ absorb the
sunlight
 First part of _______________________________
 H2O + sunlight  O2
 Occurs in the ______________________________ of the chloroplast
2
 When ____________________ is split during these reactions, oxygen gas is
made as a ___________________________
 The sunlight is used to break down the water and create _________________
and ____________________
Calvin Cycle
 Second part of ______________________________
 CO2  ___________________
 Occurs in the ____________________ of the chloroplast
Rate of Photosynthesis
 ____________________ factors that affect the rate of photosynthesis
o ____________________ intensity
o ____________________ ____________________ levels
o ____________________
Cellular Respiration
 Process that our cells use to break down food and create _________________
 Takes place in the ___________________________
 Two Parts to Cellular Respiration (when __________ is present)
o ____________________
o ____________________ Respiration
 Two parts to ___________________________ (when O2 is not present)
o _______________________
o __________________________ (alcoholic or lactic acid)
3
Glycolysis
 Process when glucose is broken down to make ___________________
_________________, ____________________, and ____________________
 Takes place in the _______________________
 The pyruvic acid made can either go to __________________________ or
____________________ respiration
o Depends if there is ____________________ or not
 If there is oxygen present  ____________________ respiration
 If oxygen is not present  _________________________
Aerobic Respiration
 Occurs only in the presence of ____________________
 Happens in two stages
o ____________________ cycle
o _______________________ ____________________ ____________________
 Occurs in ____________________________ ____________________ (cytoplasm in the
mitochondria)
Krebs Cycle
 Named after scientist _________________ ____________________
 Process takes pyruvic acid and makes a molecule called
____________________ ____________________ + ____________________
 Also makes some ____________________, ____________________, ____________________
o These are the needed ____________________ for the electron transport
chain
4
Electron Transport Chain
 Uses products from the ____________________ ____________________ to make a lot
of ________________ for our cells
 Occurs in the mitochondrial _____________________ called ____________________
 This process requires ____________________ in order to work
Fermentation
 Process that occurs if oxygen is ____________________ present
 Pyruvic acid will be fixed to become ____________________ ____________________
or ____________________ (depends on the organism)
Lactic Acid Fermentation
 Occurs in our ____________________ as well as in some _________________________
to help make yogurts and cheeses
 In our bodies, lactic acid builds up as ___________________ ____________________
Alcoholic Fermentation
 Occurs in organisms such as ____________________
 This process creates _____________ and ____________________ ____________________
o If the CO2 is released, you make a ____________________ alcohol (wine)
o If CO2 is not released, you make a ____________________ or
____________________ alcohol (champagne)
5
Comparing Photosynthesis & Respiration
Photosynthesis
Function
Location
Cellular Respiration
Energy Breakdown
Chloroplasts
Reactants
C6H12O6 and O2
Products
CO2 and H2O
Equation
6CO2 + 6H2O  C6H12O6 + 6O2
6
C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O