History of Great Britain
V8A Štěpánková Šárka
Content
Prehistoric Britain
Roman Britain
Anglo-Saxon Britain
Viking Britain
Medieval Britain
Tudor Britain
Stuart Britain
Victorian Britain
Modern Britain
Prehistoric Britain
500,000 B.C. – migration Europe –> Britain
3000 B.C. – first settlement, first stone circles
2000 B.C. – Stonehange completed
750 B.C. – 150,000 people
500 B.C. – Celtic tribes Central Europe –> Britain
Britons
Uffington white horse
Skara Brae
Roman Britain
43 A.D.
55 B.C. – first tendencies to invade Britain
43 A.D. – succesfull invasion
122–128 A.D. – Hadrian‘s wall
roads, forts, baths, laws
Anglo-Saxon Britain
410 A.D.
Sutton Hoo Helmet
<––
Germany, Denmark, Holland
Celts –> Wales and Scotland
Seven Kingdoms
460 – St. Patrick returns to Ireland
617 – Northumbria supreme kingdom
779 – Mercia supereme kingdom
Offa Dyke along Welsh Border
<––Essex
Sussex
Viking Britain
793 A.D.
793 – Lindisfarne abbey
867 – Vikings take Northumbria –> Danelaw
Wessex under Alfred the Great survives
994 – first danegeld (1007–1016 166,500 troy pounds = 62100 kg gold)
1016 – Canute the Great captures the English Crown
York second largest city, Dublin founded,
Clifford‘s tower
Medieval Britain (Normans)
1066
1066 – Hasting
1086 – Domesday book
1067 – Oxford University founded
1215 – Magna Carta
1297 – William Wallace defeats the English
1298 – King Edward defeats William Wallace
Salisbury Cathedral
1337–1453 – Hundred Years‘ War
1348–49 – The Black Death (nearly half population killed)
1455 – War of the Roses starts
Tudor Britain
1485
1485 – War of Roses ends, Henry VII king
1509 – Henry VIII king
1534 – the Church of England founded
1542 – Mary, Queen of Scots claims the English throne
1558 – Elizabeth I begins her 45 year reign
1564 – William Shakespeare was born
1588 – The English defeats Spanish Armada
Margam Castle
Stuart Britain
1603
1603 – James VI of Scotland –> James I of England
1620 – Pilgrims sail to New England aboard the „Mayflower“
1629 – King Charles deissolves the perliment
1649 – King Charles executed
1653 – Cromwell proclaimed Lord Protector
1660 – restoration of monarchy under Charles II
1664–65 – Great Plague (100,000 people dies in London)
1666 – Great Fire of London
1689 – The Bill of Right
1707 – England and Scotland united
Craigievar Castle
Blenheim Palace
Georgian Britain
1714
1714 – George of Hanover
1776 – USA declares independence
1788 – first convict ships –> Australia
1800 – Act of Union with Ireland
1805 – Battle of Trafalgar, Napoleon defeated
1807 – Abolition of Slave Trade
1815 – Battle of Waterloo
1825 – first railway opened
Victorian Britain
1837
1837 – Queen Victoria becomes Queen
1842 – child labour ended
1845–49 – Great Potato Femine (800,000 people died)
1870 – Education Act
1876 – invented telephone
1877 – first public electric lightning
1883 – first electric railway
Colonialism, industrial revolution
Ecclessgrieg Castle
Modern Britain
1902
1914–18 WW I
1939–48 WW II
1952 – Elizabeth II becomes Queen
1953 – coronation of Elisabeth II
1973 – EU
1979 – Margaret Thatcher becomes UK‘s first woman prime minister
1991 – Sir Tim Berners Lee invents the World Wide Web