Name:
Period:
Anatomy & Physiology
Skin and Body Membranes
Epithelial membranes
 These are membranes that cover and line the body (any area that is exposed to
__________________________).
 These include: cutaneous membranes (__________________________),
_____________________________________ membranes, and serous membranes.
Mucous membranes
 Line all body _____________________________________ exposed to the exterior (respiratory,
__________________________________, and reproductive tracts).
 These act as ____________________________________________ and lubrication (mostly).
Serous membranes
 Line ____________________________________ body cavities:
 Parietal lines the wall
 ___________________________________ lines the organs
 ______________________________________________ fluid is between the serous
membranes (visceral and parietal)
 The peritoneum lines the organs of the _____________________________________ cavity.
 The ___________________________________________ surrounds the heart and pleura
surrounds the ________________________________________.
Connective tissue membranes
 _____________________________________ membranes: surround the joints and contain
lubricating fluid (synovial fluid)
 May contain sacs called ____________________________________________
Integumentary system (Cutaneous Membrane):
 a.k.a. ________________________________________
 Means ____________________________________________________
 Contains ___________________________________________, a protein
 Serves for homeostasis:
 ___________________________________________ the body (covers)
Name:
Period:
 Regulates body ___________________________________________________
 Prevents H O ____________________________________________
2
 Secretes some _____________________________________________________
 Location of ___________________________________________ (some) equipment
Structure of skin
1. Epidermis:
-_________________________________________ layer of skin
-contain melanocytes (cells that have ________________________________________, a
pigment)
2. Dermis:
-________________________________________ layer of skin
-composed of connective tissue (with _________________________________________ &
elastic fibers), nervous tissue, & ________________________________________
-thicker than epidermis
3. Subcutaneous:
-a.k.a. as the ___________________________________________________
-Below the dermis
-Composed of loose connective tissue and _____________________________________ (fat)
-Binds the skin to underlying organs
Fun facts about the epidermis
 Think about the saying “Beauty is only skin deep.” Everything we see when we look at someone
is _______________________________ skin cells.
 The average person sheds about 40 lbs of __________________________________ (part of
the epidermis) in a lifetime.
 We grow a new epidermis about every __________________________________ days.
Fun facts about the dermis
 Fingerprints, caused by dermal _________________________________________(or nipples),
are genetically determined.
Name:
Period:
 Since the dermal layer contains fat (adipose), and as we age, we _________________________
fat and the elasticity of our skin, the dermal layer sags. This forms
___________________________________________.
Skin color
 Pigments that cause skin color:
 _______________________________________ (yellow, reddish-brown, or black)
 Carotene (___________________________________-yellow)
 ____________________________________________________ (red)
 Other causes of skin color:
 Emotions
 ____________________________________________________ (hypertension, fever,
inflammation, etc.)
 ________________________________________________ (yellow skin)
 Bruising
 Environment (UV rays)
 ___________________________________________ vessels: If poorly oxygenated, a
bluish appearance occurs. This is called
___________________________________________.
Appendages of skin (accessory organs):
Cutaneous glands: a.k.a. ______________________________________ glands
 Sebaceous glands (oil secreting glands)
 Secrete ________________________________________ (oil)
 Keeps _________________________________ and skin soft
 __________________________________________ skin and kills bacteria
 _______________________________________ glands
 a.k.a. Sudoriferous glands
 _______________________________________ glands secrete sweat to regulate
temperate
 Apocrine glands secrete sweat in
_____________________________________________ (stress, pain, sex, and
sometimes thermoregulation).
Name:
Period:
 Sweat is a mixture of water, urea, and salts.
Appendages of skin (accessory organs):
 __________________________________________ protects skin
 Hair follicles produce ___________________________________________________
 Located on all parts of skin except: __________________________________, soles,
__________________________________, nipples, and some reproductive structures.
 Nails protect skin and sensory equipment under skin.
Warning: there are images on the next few slides that MAY be disturbing!
Imbalances of the skin
 _______________________________________________ (pressure ulcers) occur when a
patient remains in one position too long. The skin cells dies as a result of lack of blood supply.
Imbalances of the skin
 Acne is caused by an infection of the ____________________________________________
glands.
Imbalances of the skin
 A ______________________________________________ is tissue damage (& cell death)
caused by some type of intense heat.
 There are 2 life-threatening problems for burn-victims:
____________________________________________________ and
____________________________________________________
 ________________________________________________________ (invaders like bacteria or
fungi) feed off of destroyed skin.
 Doctors estimate fluid loss (for burn victims) by using the rule of
____________________________________________________.
 This divides the body into 11 areas, each accounting for 9% of the total body surface area + 1%
representing the genital area.
Burns
 _______________________________-degree burns: epidermis is damaged (think sunburns).
 Second-degree burns: epidermis and some dermal tissue (upper layer) are damaged.
 ____________________________________ occur.
Name:
Period:
 This is ______________________________________.
 Third-degree burns: destroys skin (a.k.a.
________________________________________________________ burns).
 Nerve endings in the area of burned tissue are destroyed (therefore, NOT painful).
 Skin __________________________________________________ must be done to
recover b/c skin will not regenerate in these areas.
Skin cancer
Squamous cell carcinoma:
 _________________________________ growing skin cancer that appears on epidermis.
 Can __________________________________________________ (spread) to lymph nodes (w/o
treatment: ________________________________________ or radiation).
 Usually caused by ______________________________ exposure.
 Often found on ears, scalp, lower lip, & back of the hand
Basal cell carcinoma:
 Most common type of skin cancer.
 _________________________________ growing, shiny round nodules appear.
 Usually caused by ______________________________ exposure.
 Rarely spread before treatment (_____________________________________).
 Often found on face.
Skin cancer
Malignant melanoma:
 Cancer of ____________________________________________________
 Can be ___________________________________________________
 Usually appear ______________________________________________ (however, can be
caused b/c a mole changes, DNA is damaged, genetic causes, or sun damage).
 Metastasizes ______________________________________to lymph nodes and BVs (then to
other organs).
 Treatment: _______________________________, radiation, and/or chemotherapy
ABCD recognition:
 (A) Asymmetry: __________________________________ is uneven
 (B) Border ___________________________________________: the lesion is not smooth
Name:
Period:
 (C) _______________________________________: the color of the lesion varies within the
lesion (shades)
 (D) Diameter: the lesion is larger than _________________________________________ (pencil
eraser)
Know the following: Athlete’s foot, boils, cold sores, dermatitis, impetigo, and psoriasis.