Study Guide for Earth Systems Ch 8 & 9 Test
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
Define fault.
What is the relationship between a fault and an earthquake?
What causes earthquakes?
Define aftershock.
Define creep.
The San Francisco earthquake of 1906 occurred along what fault?
Which seismic wave travels most rapidly?
Which seismic waves compress and expand rocks in the direction the waves travel?
The distance between a seismic station and the earthquake epicenter is determined from what?
What is the scale most widely used by scientists for measuring earthquakes?
What is the amount of shaking produced by an earthquake at a given location called?
The trace that records an earthquake from seismic instruments is called what?
The Richter magnitude of an earthquake is determined from what?
What affects the amount of destruction caused by earthquake vibrations?
What areas have the greatest damage from earthquakes?
What are tsunamis?
Define liquefaction.
How does a tsunami occur?
What causes a landslide?
Why do earthquakes often cause damaging fires?
What layers of Earth make up the lithosphere?
Be able to label p. 234 Figure 15 in the book (layers of the Earth).
What is Earth’s thin, rocky, outer layer called?
What is the Moho?
What is Earth’s core made of?
Evidence that Earth’s core has a high iron content comes from what?
List the evidence that supports Wegener’s hypothesis.
What does evidence about ancient climates indicate?
What does the geographic distribution of the swimming reptile Mesosaurus provide evidence
of?
What layers of the Earth does a tectonic plate consist of?
In the plate tectonic theory, a plate can be made up of what?
What happens in a transform fault boundary?
What is a geographic example of a transform fault boundary?
At which boundary is new ocean crust formed?
What results when divergence occurs between two oceanic plates?
Be able to label page 265 Figure 17 (convergent oceanic-continental boundary).
What occurs at a subduction zone?
If a deep ocean trench is located adjacent to a continent, active volcanoes would likely be found
where?
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
What happens to the lithosphere at a transform fault boundary?
What do magnetic reversals provide evidence for?
The Hawaiian Islands were formed when the Pacific Plate moved over what?
The age of the rocks in the ocean basins was determined by what?
What plate boundary is the formation of the Hawaiian Islands associated with?
Define slab-pull.
Be able to read page 266 Figure 18 (convergent oceanic-oceanic boundary)