Elements and the Periodic Table
Table of Contents
Introduction to Atoms
Organizing the Elements
Metals
Nonmetals and Metalloids
Radioactive Elements
Introduction to Atoms
Dalton’s Model
Dalton thought that atoms were smooth, hard balls.
Introduction to Atoms
Thomson’s Model
Thomson suggested that atoms had negatively charged electrons set
in a positive sphere. Each electron is represented by the symbol e−.
Introduction to Atoms
Rutherford’s Gold Foil Experiment
Rutherford was surprised that a few particles were deflected strongly. Which are
the paths of the particles that were not predicted by Thomson’s atomic model?
Introduction to Atoms
Rutherford’s Model
According to Rutherford’s model, an atom was mostly open space. The
“6+” in the model means that there are six protons in the nucleus.
Introduction to Atoms
Use the diagrams to compare the expected and observed results of
Rutherford’s gold foil experiment.
Introduction to Atoms
Bohr’s Model
Niels Bohr suggested that electrons move in specific orbits around the
nucleus of an atom.
Introduction to Atoms
Cloud Model
Electrons move rapidly in different directions around the nucleus.
Introduction to Atoms
Modern Model of an Atom
A carbon atom has a nucleus made up of positively charged protons and
neutral neutrons. The nucleus is surrounded by a cloud of negatively
charged electrons.
Introduction to Atoms
Particles in an Atom
An atom is made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons. What is the
correct charge for each atomic particle?
Introduction to Atoms
Isotopes of Carbon
All isotopes of carbon contain 6 protons. They differ in the number of
neutrons. What is the missing information for each isotope?
Organizing the Elements
Mendeleev’s Periodic Table
In his periodic table, Mendeleev left blank spaces. He predicted that the blank
spaces would be filled by elements that had not yet been discovered. He even
correctly predicted the properties of those new elements.
Organizing the Elements
Silicon
The entry for silicon (Si) in the periodic table looks like this.
Organizing the Elements
Potassium
Potassium has an atomic number of 19 and an atomic mass of 39.098
amu. Bananas are rich in potassium.
Organizing the Elements
The Periodic
Table
The periodic table
is one of the most
valuable tools to a
chemist.
Organizing the Elements
Elements of Period 3
The properties of the Period 3 elements change as you move across the
period. Which of these are Metal? Metalloid? Nonmetal?
Organizing the Elements
Element Scramble
Organizing the Elements
Elements of Group 10
The elements of Group 10
include nickel (Ni), palladium
(Pd), platinum (Pt), and
darmstadtium (Ds).
Metals
Recycling Metals
Recycling helps conserve energy and reduces the amount of waste in
landfills.
Metals
Metals
Many of the objects around you contain metals. What
are the objects that will set off the metal detector?
Metals
Classifying Metals
Where are the alkali metals and the alkaline earth metals on the
periodic table?
Metals
Melting Points in a Group of Elements
The graph shows the melting points of the Group 1 elements, or the
alkali metals.
Metals
Classifying Metals
Where are the transition metals and the lanthanides and actinides on
the periodic table?
Nonmetals and Metalloids
Properties of Metals and Nonmetals
What are the properties of metals and nonmetals?
Nonmetals and Metalloids
The Families
Containing
Nonmetals
Nonmetals and Metalloids
Classifying Nonmetals
Where are the nonmetals in Group 14 and Group 15 on the periodic
table?
Nonmetals and Metalloids
Classifying Nonmetals
Where are the nonmetals in Group 16 and Group 17 on the periodic
table?
Nonmetals and Metalloids
Classifying Nonmetals
Where are the noble gases and hydrogen on the periodic table?
Nonmetals and Metalloids
Classifying Metalloids
Where are the metalloids on the periodic table?
Nonmetals and Metalloids
Portion of the Periodic Table
What are the chemical symbols of the nonmetals? How are the
remaining elements classified?
Nonmetals and Metalloids
Alien Periodic Table
Where do the alien names go on the periodic table?
Radioactive Elements
Trying to Turn Lead Into
Gold
What are the points in
Lucy's argument?
Radioactive Elements
Radioactive Decay
Radioactive elements give off particles and energy during radioactive decay. What is
the change (if any) that occurs
in an unstable nucleus during each form of radioactive decay?
Radioactive Elements
The Effects of Nuclear Radiation
The three main types of nuclear radiation vary in their ability to
penetrate materials. Use the key to complete the paths of the alpha
particle, beta particle, and gamma ray emitted by the radioactive
sample.
Radioactive Elements
Half-Lives of Some Radioactive Isotopes
Radioactive Elements
Radioactive Tracers
Phosphorus-32 added to soil is absorbed through a plant’s roots. The tracer can
be detected in any plant structures in which phosphorus is used. What is
happening in each figure?