Chapter 10 – The cell is the basic unit of life. p.388
1. Compare past and present ideas of what living things are made of.
Early Idea
Current Theory
Fire, water and air comprised living things
Blood meant life
There was a force that supplied life
All living things are made up of one or more cells
Cells came from living things
Cells are the basic unit of life
Cells show the characteristics of life
2. What is a cell?
A cell is the most basic functional system of any living thing
3. What are FOUR characteristics of living things?
1. Growth
2. Movement
3. Responds to stimuli 4. Reproduces
4. Define:
Growth: Cells increasing in number; grow new cells as old ones die.
Movement: changes to shape, position, or location of the body or body parts
Stimulus: anything that causes a response in a living thing (someone jumping out and surprising you
(the stimulus) may cause you to jump (the response)
Reproduction: produce offspring
5. Give an example of stimulus – response reaction.
Your mouth watering (response) with the smell of food (stimulus). A cat hissing (response) when
surprised(stimulus). A baby closing his/her fist (the response) when the palm is touched (the stimulus).
6. Label the parts of the microscope
1. barrel tube 2. Revolving nosepiece 3. Low power objective lens 4. medium power objective lens
5. High power objective lens 6. Stage clips 7. Iris diagram 8. Light source 9. Eyepiece
objective lens 10. arm 11. Stage 12. Coarse adjustment knob 13. fine adjustment knob 14.
base
7. Identify the function of the microscope parts in the following table.
See Table page 393
8. How would you calculate the Total Magnification of a microscope?
The eyepiece lens X the objective lens
For low power 10 X 4 = 40X
For medium power 10 X 10 = 100X
For high power 10 X 40 = 400X
Cells and Cell Theory
9. List the three main points of the cell theory.
Cells came from living things
Cells are the basic unit of life
Cells show the characteristics of life
10. What is an organelle?
An organelle is a structure inside the cell that performs a specific function
11. Outline the structure and function of the organelles listed below.
See table page 405
12. Indicate whether the following organelles are present in a plant cell an animal cell or both.
The only organelles that are not in both, is the cell wall and the chloroplasts which are only found in
plant cells.
The vacuoles are different in that the animal cell has small and numerous vacuoles whereas the plant
cell has few and large vacuoles
13. Explain why cells divide.
Growth, replacement (replace cells that die) and repair
14. How do body cells divide? What other types of organisms divide in this manner?
Body cells undergo Mitosis to divide.
Other types of unicellular organisms such as bacteria and amoeba use mitosis to reproduce
15. Label the following cell parts. Identify the cell type (plant or animal).
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Vacuole
Mitochondria
Nucleus
Animal cell
Cell wall
Cell membrane
Vacuole
Chloroplasts
Nucleus
Mitochondria
Plant Cell
Energy for Cells – Fill in the blanks.
17. All cells need (1)___energy____ for all life processes. Energy is stored in food called
(2)_____glucose_____ (a type of sugar). To release energy cells must carry out (3)___cellular
respiration____. This process converts one type of (4)____energy_____ to another. The organelle
responsible for cellular respiration is the (5) ___mitochondria___. Most energy is released as
(6)___heat___. The gas necessary for cellular respiration is (7)___oxygen____. Waste gases are
produced and removed from the cell. The waste gases include (8)___water vapour __ and (9)___carbon
dioxide__.
Mitosis is how cells divide and make new cells. Cells need to divide in order for individuals to reproduce
(bacteria will divide to become two bacteria) or for growth or repair (cells die and need to be replaced or
we just need more cells to grow taller.) Mitosis occurs only in body (somatic) cells
Not all cell division is by mitosis. There is a special type of cell division that occurs in the sex organs
(ovaries and testes) to produce sex cells (egg and sperm) called meiosis. Mitosis and Meiosis are in next
year’s course.