ORGANIC
&
INORGANIC
The name Organic Chemistry came from the
word “organism”.
In 1800 century all organic compounds had
been obtained from organism or their remains.
That’s why the scientific philosophy back then
was that the synthesis of organic compounds
could only be produced within living matter
while inorganic compounds were synthesized
from non-living matter. A theory known as
"Vitalism" stated that a "vital force" from
living organisms was necessary to make an
organic compound.
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German Chemist who discredited the “vital
force” theory.
In 1828 he heated an inorganic salt called
ammonium cyanate and produced UREA.
It is normally found in blood and urine, was
unquestionably organic.
But it comes from an inorganic source w/c is
ammonium cyanate.
His success prompted other chemist to
attempt to synthesized organic compounds.
Like in 1956 William Henry Perkin
accidentally discovered organic dye.
Othmer Zeidler in 1942 discovered
insecticide DDT
Wohler’s Urea Synthesis :
Heat
NH4  NCO
Ammonium
cyanate


H
O
H

║

HNCNH
Urea
Organic chemistry
is the scientific study
of the structure,
properties,
composition, reactions,
and synthesis of
organic compounds.
Organic Compounds
are COMPOUNDS composed
of carbon.
and can possibly contain
any of the other elements
such as hydrogen,
nitrogen, oxygen,
phosphorus, sulfur and
halogens.
Inorganic Chemistry
The study of the
chemistry of all the
elements in the
periodic table
except for carbon.
Inorganic Compounds
are compounds made out
of other elements
except for carbon,
and they are usually
ionically bonded compound.
Composed mainly of Metal
and Nonmetal elements.
Property
Organic
Inorganic
Bonding within
molecules
Usually
Covalent
Often Ionic
Forces
between
molecules
Generally
weak
Quite strong
Normal
Physical state
Gases, liquids,
or low melting
point solids
Usually high
melting point
solids
Flammability
Often
Flammable
Usually
nonflammable
Solubility in
water
Often low
Often high
Conductivity of
water
solutions
Nonconductor
Conductor
Rate of
chemical
reactions
Usually low
Usually high
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Many hundred million years ago the processes which
created the underground oil and gas fields began.
Oil and natural gas come from a variety of mainly sea
based living organisms (like plankton), as well as some
plant material, which was trapped in sands on the bottom
of early seas or inland lakes.
Over time, this buried material was transformed into the
substance we know today as oil.
That is why oil is termed fossil fuel.
The sands and rocks in which the oil is situated are porous
and the oil could move through tiny holes and cracks and
form pools where there were large enough spaces in the
rock layers.
The oil trapped here and, as the earth was going through
its formation process, was subject to much pressure and
heat.
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The first step is to find where the oil is
deposited underground.
The most common method used to find oil
today is seismology.
This is a technique, which makes use of sound
and the way sound "bounces" off different
types of rocks, much the same way as an
echo.
Geologists identify likely areas to prospect,
making use of their knowledge of the rocks
and soil in the area.
With the seismic techniques and using
modern computers they can create threedimensional pictures of what the underlying
rock formations are like and where there is
likely to be oil.
Petrochemical Drilling
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An exploration well, is drilled to see if there really is
oil.
If oil is struck, further holes are drilled to establish
the size of the oil pool.
Oil wells are usually between one and five kilometers
deep, but sometimes go down as far as eight
kilometers.
Once the wells are in place the pressure under which
the oil has been trapped, helps force the oil out of the
well.
Oil from the wells is treated with chemicals and heat
to remove water and solids.
The oil is then pumped into storage tanks at a
gathering station.
From there it is pumped to either a refinery or to a
harbor where it is loaded onto the enormous oil
tankers for shipment to a refinery elsewhere.
Offshore Refinery
Oil Refinery
SATURATED
ALIPHATIC
HYDROCARBON
ALKANES
ALKENES
UNSATURATED
ALKYNES
AROMATIC
COMPOUNDS
AROMATIC
HYROCARBON
DERIVATIVE
Methane
Ethane
Propane
Butane
Pentane
Hexane
Heptane
Octane
Nonane
Decane
Number
Formula
of carbons
for
in chain
alkane
Formula for branch
name
1
CH4
-CH3
methyl as in methane
2
C2H6
-CH2-CH3
ethyl as in ethane
3
C3H8
-CH2-CH2-CH3
propyl as in propane
4
C4H10
-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3
butyl as in butane
5
C5H12
-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3
pentyl as in pentane
6
C6H14
(-CH2-)5-CH3
hexyl as in hexane
7
C7H16
(-CH2-)6-CH3
heptyl as in heptane
8
C8H18
(-CH2-)7-CH3
octyl as in octane
9
C9H20
(-CH2-)8-CH3
nonyl as in nonane
10
C10H22
(-CH2-)9-CH3
decyl as in decane