Objectives:
• Today, you the student, will define and
arrange information of carbohydrates into
graphic organizer.
• You will organize this information on a
graphic organizer as you see it and hear it. I
will assess your comprehension of this
information by a written ticket-out-thedoor for a grade.
WHAT'S Is it?
A carbohydrate is called an organic compound
or biomolecule because it contains carbon,
oxygen, and hydrogen. Sugars, which are
carbohydrate-based compounds, provide living
things with energy and act as substances used
for structure.
Basic Building Blocks:
• Monomer – monosaccharide (simple sugar)
– C6H12O6
– Ex: glucose; fructose; maltose
– Notice that they all end in –ose
• Polymer – polysaccharide (complex sugar)
– Ex: Cellulose (wood, paper); starch (energy storage
in plants); glycogen (energy storage in animals)
Where does it come from?
Carbohydrates come from plants, or plant
products, mostly.
You EAT it. Your body does not make it.
What is it used for?
Carbohydrates are major component of cell
walls.
Carbohydrates are also the cells primary source
of energy. When the body (cells) need
immediate energy, it burns carbohydrate
molecules first.
Examples:
vegetables, pasta and grains (grasses), any
kind of sugar, fruit, etc.
Notice the
carbon
backbone.
There is only 1
oxygen to each
carbon, making
the acronym
“CHO”
With your
highlighter or
marker, highlight
the acronym
“CHO” on the
front flap cover
of your foldable
on the
carbohydrate flap
Ticket out the Door:
Give 3 different names for a carbohydrate:
1.
2.
3.
4. What is a carbohydrate used for?
Give 3 examples of a carbohydrate:
5.
6.
7
Warm Up
On the outside of your
carbohydrate flap, write
the 3 other words that a
carbohydrate is sometimes
called.
The basic building block of a lipid is glycerol,
with 3 fatty acids attached.
Where does it come from?
Lipids are another type of organic molecule
containing carbon. Some lipids are
consumed in your diet. But SOME lipids are
made within the body, so they are NOT
consumed.
What is it used for?
Lipids have 3 main functions in the body:
• Separation, such as membranes, b/c oil
and water doesn’t mix.
• Insulation, to help maintain body temp
and protect organs
• Energy reserve, which is your
secondary, or back-up energy source,
after carbohydrates.
Examples of lipids:
•
•
•
•
•
•
Butter
oil
animal fat
Wax, such as ear wax
Hormones, such as steroids and others
body fat.
CHOO
Notice the
structure of a
fatty acid, or
lipid.
A carbon chain
with double or
single bond.
A steroid has interlocking rings, such as the
ones below. It will look like a
pentagon or hexagon.
Highlight the
acronym CHOO
on the lipid flap
on the front of
your foldable
Hydrolysis vs Dehydration Synthesis
http://youtu.be/_Ai5NyQ_ttE
Warm Up
Get your journal and have your foldable
and your notes out.
Basic Building Block: Amino Acids
*remember amino acids are
built during protein synthesis
in DNA replication
Where does it come from?
1. Animals and animal products, with the
exception of a few plants.
2. Your body combines amino acids during
protein synthesis. Amino acids come from
the protein you eat.
What is it used for?
All organisms need some proteins, whether
they are used in muscles or as simple structures
in the cell.
Examples: bacon, eggs, cheese, chicken
&
Enzymes in your body are also considered proteins.
Enzyme Examples: lactase, sucrase, fructase, etc.
*Remember that simple carbohydrates, like sucrose,
fructose, lactose, end in -ose.
The enzymes that break these simple sugars down end
in -ase, and they match.
Ex:
Lactase breaks down lactose
sucrase breaks down sucrose
Chemical Structure
All proteins will have the carbon backbone, but will have an
additional amino group
Notice that a protein has an element that carbohydrates
don’t have.
With the original CHO that we had before,
when you add the nitrogen, you get CHON!
Proteins
So, on the front
of your foldable,
Highlight the
acronym CHON
on your protein
flap.
Warm-Up
Get a small slip of paper; you may use your foldable
to answer the following questions:
Bio Group
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic acids
Monomer
Function
2 examples
Basic building blocks?
•Nucleotides are the building blocks of
both nucleic acids, DNA and RNA.
•Many nucleotides bonded together make
an amino acid chain.
Where does it come from?
The nucleic acids are the building
blocks of living organisms. (DNA)
Your body MAKES nucleic acids
from the molecules you consume in
foods.
What is it used for?
The nucleic acids are the building
blocks of living organisms. It is the
DNA or RNA located in the nucleus
of every cell in your body. This is the
“stuff” that they use in CSI to tie a
suspect to a crime scene. It is unique
to each and every organism.
Examples of nucleic acids:
DNA is just one type of nucleic acid. Some
other types nucleic acids are RNA, mRNA,
and tRNA. All of these "Na's" work
together to help cells replicate and build
proteins.
Highlight the
acronym
CHON P on
the Nucleic
Acid flap on
the front of
your foldable.
Name That Biomolecule
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