BELLRINGER #4-1
 Read “American Expansionism” and “Global competition” on p.
342-343. Answer the following questions.
1. Define Imperialism.
2. On what continent was European imperialism a primary target in
the late 19 th century?
3. To what country did nations shift their imperialist goals in the
late 1800s?
4. What three factors fueled American imperialism?
UNIT 4 HOMEWORK
 WB pgs. 140-154
IMPERIALISM
Unit 4
THE IMPERIALIST VISION
IMPERIALISM
 The political and economic domination of a strong nation over
other weaker nations.
THREE REASONS FOR IMPERIALISM
1.
Political rivalries – Each nation wanted a larger empire than the
other, which led to more world power.
2.
Desire for new markets – Industrial countries needed markets for
their goods.
3.
Spread culture – US leaders believed their culture was superior to
any in the world (Western).
ANGLO-SAXONISM
 Idea that came from Social Darwinism
 English-Speaking nations were superior
 Character
 Ideas
 Systems of Government
 Destined to dominate the planet
JOSIAH STRONG
 Linked Anglo-Saxonism to missionary work
 Must spread Christianity
 Convinced many Americans to support Imperialism
GROWTH OF A MODERN NAVY
 Americans became interested in protecting their interests
overseas.
 This required a navy that could compete with Europeans.
ALFRED T. MAHAN
 U.S. naval of ficer who helped
convince American leaders of
the importance of maintaining
a large navy and overseas
territories.
THE PACIFIC
PACIFIC EXPANSION
 U.S. leaders saw the economic benefit of starting trade with
Japan and China.
MATTHEW C. PERRY
 U.S. naval commander who
forced Japan to begin trade
with the U.S.
 Japan accepted U.S.
influence.
COMPARE THE VERSIONS
Japanese Version
The real Matthew Perry
PERRY ARRIVES IN JAPAN
PERRY MEETS WITH THE JAPANESE
AMERICANS SIGN TRADE
AGREEMENT WITH THE JAPANESE
RESULT OF JAPANESE TRADE
AGREEMENT
 Japan adopted Western technology
 Had an industrial revolution
IMPORTANCE OF HAWAII
 Midway between the U.S. and Asia.
 Climate allowed for growing sugar, fruit.
 U.S. began trade and settlement of Hawaii in 1887.
LOCATION OF HAWAII
QUEEN LILIUOKALANI
 Queen of Hawaii who disliked American intervention.
 Americans forced the Queen to give up power and Hawaii
became a U.S. territory in 1893.
 Annexation-to add on
QUEEN LILIUOKALANI
ALASKA
 Purchased from Russia in 1867
 Seward’s Folly
 People felt it was a foolish move by Secretary of State William
Seward
 After Seward's death, gold was discovered in Alaska and many
people changed their minds.
 Became a state in 1959
LATIN AMERICA
LATIN AMERICA
LATIN AMERICAN TRADE
 U.S leaders wanted more trade and cooperation with Latin
America.
 Wanted to show Europe that we were the dominant power in
Latin America
PAN-AMERICANISM
 Belief that the U.S. and Latin America should work together.
LESSON RE-CAP
 WB. 142
HOMEWORK
 WB p. 140-142
BELLRINGER #4-2
 Look at the maps on p. 349. Answer the following questions.
You do not have to write the questions.
 1. In what two regions (parts) of the world was the Spanish
American War fought?
 2. From which city did Dewey attack the Philippines?
 3. Where does Cuba lie in relation to the United States?
The SpanishAmerican War
CUBAN REVOLT
 In 1895, Cuba began a revolt against colonial power Spain.
 Americans supported Cuba.
JOSE MARTÍ
 Cuban revolutionary leader
 Raised money from Americans
 Planned an invasion of Cuba
ECONOMIC TIES TO CUBA
 Cuban sugar imported into the U.S.
 Investments in Cuban mines, railroads and sugar plantations
YELLOW JOURNALISM
 Sensational news reporting where writers exaggerate or make
up stories to attract readers.
 Support for Cuban rebels
EXAMPLE OF YELLOW JOURNALISM
MODERN YELLOW JOURNAL
JOSEPH PULITZER
 Publisher of the New York
World.
WILLIAM RANDOLPH HEARST
 Publisher of the New York
Journal.
MCKINLEY’S POSITION ON THE WAR
 President William McKinley
said the U.S. should not get
involved and tried to
negotiate a peace.
U.S.S. MAINE
 McKinley sent the battleship U.S.S. Maine to Cuba’s Havana
Harbor in case American citizens needed to be evacuated.
U.S.S. MAINE
U.S.S. MAINE EXPLODES
 While in Havana Harbor, the Maine exploded suddenly. A navy
report declared that a Spanish mine had sunk the ship.
U.S.S. MAINE EXPLODES
WRECKAGE OF THE MAINE
“REMEMBER THE MAINE!”
 American people blamed Spain.
McKinley was under tremendous
pressure to declare war.
 Congress declared war on April 19,
1898.
“REMEMBER THE MAINE!”
JINGOISM
 An attitude of aggressive nationalism.
 Very strong after the Maine incident.
CAUSES OF SPANISH AMERICAN WAR




American support for Cuban rebels
Republican pressure of McKinley
Yellow journalism
Explosion of the USS Maine
WAR ON TWO FRONTS

1.
U.S. forces fought the Spanish in two areas:
A land war in Cuba.
2.
A naval battle in the Spanish Colony of the Philippines.
ADVANTAGES OVER SPAIN
 New and better battleships
 Spanish were weak from disease and fighting Cubans
 Spanish were poorly trained
WAR ON TWO FRONTS
PHILIPPINES
GEORGE DEWEY
 American Admiral who
defeated the Spanish in the
Battle of Manila Bay.
EMILIO AGUINALDO
 Filipino revolutionary leader.
 Unrest developed between
Filipino revolutionaries and the
Americans.
CUBA
ROUGH RIDERS
 American volunteer cavalry unit that fought the Spanish
in Cuba.
 Led by Leonard Wood.
 Led the capture of Kettle Hill and San Juan Hill.
THEODORE ROOSEVELT
 Second in command of the
Rough Rider unit.
 http://www.history.com/videos/
roosevelt-fights-in-spanishamerican-war#roosevelt-fightsin-spanish-american-war
ROOSEVELT AND THE ROUGH RIDERS
CHARGE OF THE ROUGH RIDERS
END OF THE WAR
 The war ended on August 12, 1898.
 U.S. received Guam, Puerto Rico.
 U.S. paid $20 million for the Philippines.
 Cuba was granted independence.
Historical IRONY
 Many Filipinos were not happy with the United States taking
control of their country. They were treated by the Americans
almost the same way the Cubans were treated by the Spanish.
Filipinos rebelled, and in order to control Filipino rebels,
General Arthur Macarthur set up reconcentration camps which
resulted in the deaths of many Filipinos.
MCKINLEY’S PRESIDENCY
 McKinley’s Presidency
LESSON RE-CAP
 P. 351 #2
 WB p. 146
HOMEWORK
 WB p. 143-146
BELLRINGER #4-3
 P. 354- Analyzing Political Cartoons #1 -3 (For question #2 you
may need to compare presidential portraits on p. R41 in the
back of the book)
New American
Diplomacy
ELECTION OF 1896
 McKinley vs. William Jennings Bryan.
 McKinley named Roosevelt Vice President.
“CROSS OF GOLD” SPEECH
ELECTION OF 1896
William McKinley
William Jennings Bryan
ELECTION OF 1896
MCKINLEY’S ASSASSINATION
 McKinley was shot at a pubic appearance by anarchist Leon
Czolgosz.
 Died a few days later.
 Roosevelt at age 42 became the youngest President.
 http://www.history.com/videos/theodore -roosevelts-rise-topresidency#theodore-roosevelts-rise-to-presidency
MCKINLEY’S ASSASSINATION
LEON CZOLGOSZ
ROOSEVELT’S PRESIDENCY
 http://www.history.com/shows/the presidents/videos/roosevelts -big-stick-foreignpolicy#roosevelts-big-stick-foreign-policy
SKETCH OF ROOSEVELT’S
INAUGURATION
POLITICAL CARTOON
ROOSEVELT THE
OUTDOORSMAN
ROOSEVELT DURING AN
AFRICAN SAFARI
“BIG STICK” DIPLOMACY
 Roosevelt’s foreign policy.
 He wanted America to become a major player in the world.
WHAT DOES THIS QUOTE MEAN?
“Walk softly and carry a big stick.”
– Theodore Roosevelt
“BIG STICK” DIPLOMACY
“BIG STICK” DIPLOMACY
“BIG STICK” DIPLOMACY
SPHERES OF INFLUENCE
 An area in China where a foreign country controlled the
economic development.
SPHERES OF INFLUENCE
OPEN DOOR POLICY
 European countries were wanting to carve up China for their
own imperialist needs.
 Roosevelt wanted all countries to be able to trade freely with
China.
BOXER REBELLION (1900)
 Rebellion in China by the Society of the Righteous and
Harmonious Fists against foreigners.
 International force was used to end the uprising.
CHINESE BOXER
EXECUTION OF BOXERS
ROOSEVELT GETS THE NOBEL PEACE
PRIZE
 Russia and Japan almost go to war over Chinese territory
 Roosevelt negotiated a treaty between Japan and Russia
 Japan resented American involvement
GREAT WHITE FLEET
 New fleet of modern battleships that Roosevelt had sail
around the world as a display of American might.
MAP OF THE GREAT WHITE
FLEET’S VOYAGE
THE REAL GREAT WHITE FLEET
PANAMA CANAL
 Building a canal across Central America would make it easier
to ship goods from the east coast to Asia.
 Begun in 1881 by the French. Malaria, heat and money loss
ended the project.
 U.S. began the project in 1903 and finished 10 years later.
VOYAGES WERE CUT SHORTER
PANAMA CANAL
BUILDING THE CANAL
BUILDING THE CANAL
BOAT GOING THROUGH THE
PANAMA CANAL
REVOLT IN PANAMA
 Panama was part of Colombia and revolted because they
believed the Canal would hurt Colombia economically.
 U.S. sent warships and recognized Panama as a new country.
 The two countries signed the deal to build the canal.
MONROE DOCTRINE (1823)
 Decision by U.S. President James Monroe that said all of the
Western Hemisphere was closed to European colonization.
WESTERN HEMISPHERE IS OFF
LIMITS ACCORDING TO THE
MONROE DOCTRINE
ROOSEVELT COROLLARY
 Addition to the Monroe Doctrine.
 Said that the U.S. would intervene militarily against any
European power to keep Latin America stable (big stick
diplomacy).
 USA was the “policeman” of the Americas
OTHER PRESIDENTIAL FOREIGN POLICIES
 Taft-Dollar diplomacy
 Trade with Latin America
 Wilson- Missionary Diplomacy
 Promoting democracy
HOMEWORK
 WB p. 147-153
LESSON RE-CAP
 WB p. 150
 Prepare for the SATP
NUMBERED HEADS
TOGETHER
REMEMBER?
What is an attitude of aggressive nationalism?
(Very strong after the Maine explosion)
Jingoism
REMEMBER?
On what two fronts was the Spanish - American war fought?
Cuba and Philippines
REMEMBER?
What was the American volunteer cavalry unit that fought the
Spanish in Cuba? (San Juan Hill)
Rough Riders
REMEMBER?
Who was the Cuban revolutionary leader that planned an attack
from America?
Jose Marti
REMEMBER?
What were the publications that exaggerated news stories?
(Last question)
Yellow Journalism
BELLRINGER #4-4
Standardized Test Practice p. 369 #1-2