The Civil War
pgs. 341 – 345 / 357 - 365
WESTERN CAMPAIGN
EASTERN CAMPAIGN
EVENTS & TOPICS
Fort Henry / Fort Donelson
1st Bull Run
Monitor v. Merrimac
Shiloh
7 Days Battles
Gettysburg Address
New Orleans
2nd Bull Run
Confederate Morale
Vicksburg
Antietam
Election of 1864
Chancellorsville
Surrender at Appomatox
Gettysburg
-Day 1
-Day 2
-Day 3
Grant v. Lee in Virginia
Sherman’s March to the Sea
The Civil War
pgs. 341 – 345 / 357 - 365
WESTERN CAMPAIGN
EASTERN CAMPAIGN
EVENTS & TOPICS
Fort Henry / Fort Donelson
1st Bull Run
Monitor v. Merrimac
Shiloh
7 Days Battles
Gettysburg Address
New Orleans
2nd Bull Run
Confederate Morale
Vicksburg
Antietam
Election of 1864
Chancellorsville
Surrender at Appomatox
Gettysburg
-Day 1
-Day 2
-Day 3
Grant v. Lee in Virginia
Sherman’s March to the Sea
BATTLE NOTES:
ADD to YOUR NOTES
Civil War Strategy
CIVIL WAR
Western Campaign
BATTLES
Eastern Campaign
BATTLES
1861
1862
1863
1864
1865
“CIVIL WAR”
Western Campaign
BATTLES
Eastern Campaign
BATTLES
1861
Feb - Grant / Tennessee
April - Battle of Shiloh
June - Memphis
- New Orleans
Emancipation Proclamation
July 4 - Vicksburg Surrenders
Sept - Chickamauga
Nov - Chattanooga
Sherman Attacks Georgia
Sept - Atlanta Captured
* Sherman’s March to the SEA *
1862
1863
1864
1865
July - 1st Battle of Bull Run
March - Monitor v. Merrimac
Aug - 2nd Battle of Bull Run
Sept - Antietam, MD
Dec - Fredericksburg
May - Chancellorsville
July 3 - Gettysburg, PA
March – Grant Eastern Commander
* Lincoln Re-Elected
Grant Wears Down Lee
April - Richmond Surrenders
Military Leaders of the War
•Confederacy •Union
(SOUTH)
(NORTH)
• McDowell
• Johnston
• McClellan
( 7 Pines )
•Robert E. Lee • Pope
• McClellan
• Burnside
• Hooker
• Meade
• Ulysses S. Grant
Lincoln’s Generals
Winfield Scott
Irwin McDowell
George McClellan
Joseph Hooker
Ambrose Burnside
Ulysses S. Grant
George Meade
George McClellan,
Again!
The Confederate Generals
“Stonewall” Jackson
Nathan Bedford
Forrest
George Pickett
Jeb Stuart
James Longstreet
Robert E. Lee
• Many battlefields of the Civil War
bear Double Names.
• The troops of the North came
mainly from cities, towns, and
villages, and were, therefore,
impressed by some natural object near the scene of
the conflict and named the battle from it – river, creek,
hill, etc…
• The soldiers from the South were chiefly from the
country and were, therefore, impressed by some
artificial object near the field of action – railroad
crossing, town, building, etc…
Date of Battle
July 21, 1861
Apr. 6-7, 1862
Aug. 29-30,1862
Sept. 17, 1862
Confederate Name
1st Manassas Junction
Shiloh
2nd Manassas Junction
Sharpsburg
Federal Name
Bull Run
Pittsburg Landing
Second Bull Run
Antietam
The Peninsular Campaign
General McClellan was in command
of Union Army. He decided to
approach Richmond from the
Atlantic coast. McClellan landed
troops in Yorktown, which is a
peninsula between the York and
James River, east of
Richmond. There were battles
fought there throughout July of
1862.
The Confederates
defeated the Union
in the battles, led by
General
Joseph E. Johnston,
then General Robert E. Lee.
The First Battle of Bull Run
Union troops gathered
around Washington D.C. in
hope of seizing Manassas,
VA, which was a vital
railroad, but the Confederate
troops aligned the creek
waiting for Union forces at
Bull Run. This was the
first large battle of the
war.
The Confederate forces
defeated the Union.
“The Civil War”
• First Battle of Bull Run
“spectators come to the show”
* See Saw Battle *
(Richmond)
– McDowell (Union)
– Beauregard (Conf)
• ”Stonewall” Jackson”
– Confederate Victory
1862 Western Battles
• Feb 1862 Grant > Tennessee Region
– Fort Henry & Fort Donelson
• The Battle of Shiloh
This battle was the first after the
Union dispersed troops into the
West, as well as the East. The
Battle of Shiloh was fought as one
of the battles of the "War in the
West." General Grant led his army
into Tennessee and continued to
advance. Confederate forces
attacked near Shiloh, resulting in
thousands of casualties between
both armies in two days of
fighting. The Union won the
bloody battle of the Civil War, even
though they suffered more losses
than the Confederates.
1862 Western Battles
• Feb 1862 Grant > Tennessee Region
– Fort Henry & Fort Donelson
• April - “Shiloh” 23,000 casualties (U)
-”Very Bloody Battle”
-Both sides start thinking DEFENSE
-Will be a LONG - UGLY WAR
• June - Farrugut (navy)
“New Orleans”
• June - “Memphis”
(Mississippi River in danger)
•
1861-1862 Eastern Campaign
March ‘62 -Monitor vs Merrimac
-1st “ironclad” Navy Battle (css virginia)
• June -McClellan vs Lee (Richmond)
-7 Pines Battle , 7 Days Battles
• Aug - “2nd Bull Run” Pope v Lee
“Manassas Junction” (C)
•
• Sept- “Antietam” 22,000 (McClellan)
-Lee invades the North (why?)
• Bloodiest of war so far- Sharpsburg
The Battle of Antietam
General Lee, commander
of the Northern Virginia
Army,
moved to strike
Union
territory in Maryland.
• A Confederate messenger
dropped a copy of the
battle plans, which was
found by a Union soldier.
• The Union then learned that Lee's forces were
divided, so General Grant attacked.
• Antietam (Sharpsburg) was a day long battle on
September 17, 1862 at Antietam Creek in
Maryland. The battle ended in a draw and will be
remembered as the Bloodiest Battle of the War.
“The Tide of War Turns”
Victories for Lee Continue
• Battle of Fredericksburg (Dec. 1862
- Burnside (U) Robert E. Lee (C)
- massive Union casualties
- Confederate Victory
Battle of Fredericksburg
On November 14, Burnside, now in command of
the Army of the Potomac, sent a corps to occupy
the vicinity of Falmouth near Fredericksburg.
The rest of the army soon followed. Lee reacted
by entrenching his army on the heights behind the
town. On December 11, Union engineers laid five pontoon bridges across the
Rappahannock under fire. On the12th, the Federal army crossed over, and on
December 13, Burnside mounted a series of futile frontal assaults on
Prospect Hill and Marye’s Heights that resulted in staggering casualties.
Meade’s division, on the Union left flank, briefly penetrated Jackson’s line but
was driven back by a counterattack
On December 15, Burnside called
off the offensive and re-crossed
the river, ending the
campaign. Burnside initiated a
new offensive in January 1863,
which quickly bogged down in the
winter mud. The abortive “Mud
March” and other failures led to
Burnside’s replacement by Maj.
Gen. Joseph Hooker in January
1863.
“The Tide of War Turns”
Victories for Lee Continue
• Battle of Chancellorsville (greatest)
- “Fighting Joe” Hooker (U)
- Confederate Victory
- Stonewall Jackson (dies)
Battle of Chancellorsville
Known as Lee's "perfect battle" as he repeatedly
broke the tenet of never dividing one's forces in the
face of a superior enemy with stunning success,
Chancellorsville cost his army 1,665 killed,
9,081 wounded, and 2,018 missing. Hooker's army
suffered 1,606 killed, 9,672 wounded, and 5,919
missing/captured. While it is generally believed that
Hooker lost his nerve during the battle he lost his
his command as he was replaced by Meade.
While a great victory,
Chancellorsville lost
Stonewall Jackson
who died on May 10,
badly damaging the
command structure of
Lee's army.
Seeking to exploit the success,
Lee began his second invasion of the North
which culminated in the Battle of Gettysburg
The Road to Gettysburg: 1863
•
On the warm morning of July 1st, 1863, a small Union cavalry
brigade encountered 2 brigades of advancing confederate troops.
With breech loading carbines, the Union troops were capable of
such
as
Baltimore
andthree.
even
getting
off Philadelphia,
eight shots per minute
to the Confederate's
Despite
smaller numbers, the Union's technology held the Confederates at
Washington
were under threat of attack from
bay. Quickly both sides called for reinforcements, and the Battle
picked up.
•
The first day was fought fiercely at high cost to those present,
Northern
Virginia
which
had
crossed
the
but was nothing
compared
to what was
to come.
That first
day,
several thousand federals managed to make it up Cemetery Ridge, a
Potomac
River
strategic lookout
overand
the field. By night fall, the federals had a
defensive line
threePennsylvania.
and a half miles long, following strategic
marched
into
landmarks of the area, later to be a part of the Gettysburg Cemetery,
which resembled a large fish hook. The Union had a distinct
advantage in this battle, they were on the defensive, on their own
turf.
•
The confederates had also assembled quite a formidable force,
about 50,000 strong, to the federals 60,000 on Seminary Ridge, and
another 20,000 in transit. Lee said to his troops that night, "The
enemy is here, if we do not whip him, he will whip us." His strategy
was simple, break through any part of the fishhook defense.
Before the battle, major cities in the North
General Robert E. Lee's Confederate Army of
• Lee’s 2nd Invasion of the North
• Battle of Gettysburg
(biggest battle ever fought in N. AM.)
July 1, through July 3, 1863
- Gen. George Meade (U)
- Gen. Robert E. Lee (C)
• July 1
- surprised confederates fire on
Union troops in Gettysburg
(skirmish)
- Confederate victory (day 1)
Seminary
Ridge
Pickett’s Charge
Cemetery
Ridge
Little
Round Top
• July 2
- Lee orders Gen. Longstreet to attack
southern tip of Union Lines
- Little Round Top (Union)
Union Bayonet Charge (Chamberlain – Maine)
- Devil’ Den fighting
• July 3
- Conf. Attacks center of Union lines
- Cemetery Ridge (Pickett’s Charge)
• UNION - 85,000 23,000 casualties
• CONF - 75,000 28,000 casualties
Day 3...
•
•
•
The deciding moment can reasonable called the
turning point of the war, Lee, realizing the strategic
importance for the south of capturing Little Round
Top, as it would have allowed southern artillery fire
to hit every section of the Union army, ordered a
massive attack at the center of the Union army.
With more than 15,000 men under his charge,
Pickett ordered the running assault against the opposing
forces. The Union, also realizing the importance, beefed
up their defense, and calmly mowed down the mile long
fury of attackers with rifle and cannon fire. This would
infamously be known later as Pickett's charge. Pickett
was thoroughly defeated. Tragically, of his own brigade
of 5,000 men, only 800 returned. His command for the charge was 15,000 men,
of which only 5,000 lived to tell the sad tale. The charge was a complete and
dismal failure, while only a couple dozen of the original 15,000 troops even saw
the top of little round top, and they were killed or promptly captured upon
arrival.
Lee watched the survivors return and confessed, "It is all my fault. This has
been my fight, and upon my shoulders rests the blame" 28,000 men were lost
to lee, and 30,000 arms, costing Lee a huge lose. Although Meade lost almost
as many men in battle, 23,000, the losses were not as disastrous for the north
• July 3 “The Deciding Day”
- Conf. Attacks center of Union lines
- Cemetery Ridge (Pickett’s Charge)
• "It is all my fault. This has been my fight,
and upon my shoulders rests the blame“ Robert E. Lee
• UNION - 85,000 23,000 casualties
• CONF - 75,000 28,000 casualties
Siege of VICKSBURG
(Western Campaign)
• Vicksburg (Western Campaign)
• Grant attacks ( 6 months )
• Siege of Vicksburg (2,800 shells-day)
- July 4, 1863 Vicksburg SURRENDER
- Mississippi under UNION control
• Importance of 1863
• -North “we can win this war”
-South “think about peace / or losing