Tony Myhra - (800)346-7237
www.cryotech.com
NAAC/CMA DVD Available
Deicing Chemicals Available
• Sodium chloride
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Magnesium chloride
Calcium chloride
Potassium chloride
Combinations of all of the above
Some with inhibitors packages
Calcium magnesium acetate (CMA)
Potassium acetate (CF7)
Anhydrous sodium acetate (NAAC)
Sodium Chloride
NaCl
• Working temperature - + 20°F (-7°C)
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Eutectic temperature - -6°F (-21°C)
Granular - Solid crystal in form
Can be liquefied to a 23% solution
Rate of application – 200-500#/LM
Can be mixed with abrasives
Most common deicer
Magnesium Chloride
MgCl2
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Working temperature - + 5°F (-15°C)
Eutectic temperature - -28°F (-33°C)
Granular – hydroscopic
Liquid to a 25% - 35% solution
Rate of liquid application – 15-35 GAL/LM
Deice – anti ice - prewet
Aggressive corrosion
Requires periodic agitation weekly or daily
Calcium Chloride
CaCl2
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Working temperature - -25°F (-31°C)
Eutectic temperature - -51°F (-45°C)
Pellet, flake, granular - hydroscopic
Liquid to a 25% - 35% solution
Rate of liquid application– 15-25 GAL/LM
Deice – anti-ice – pre wet
Requires daily agitation
Aggressive Corrosion
Hard on leather shoes and gloves
Potassium Chloride
KCl
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Working temperature - +25°F (-4°C)
Eutectic temperature - +5°F (-15°C)
Solid crystal in form
Rate slightly higher than NaCl
Deicer– mostly commercial use
Calcium Magnesium Acetate (CMA)
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Working temperature - + 20°F (-7°C)
Eutectic temperature - -18°F (-28°C)
Pelleted - Liquid to a 25% - 30% sol
Rate of liquid application – anti-icing-15-25
GAL/LM –Deice – 25-60 GAL/LM
(.5-1 gallon/1000 Ft²)
Rate dry – 200-400# LANE MILE (10-25#/1000 FT²)
Deice – Anti-ice – Pre wet sensitive areas
Agitation of liquid prior to loading
Contains no chlorides
Safest deicer for new concrete
CMA 40
• Working temperature - + 20°F (-7°C)
• Eutectic temperature - -8°F (-22°C)
• 40% CMA – 60% Sodium Chloride
• Spread – Same as rock salt - 200# - 500# LANE
MILE
• Used to prevent spalling
• Used only where there is no steel in reinforced
concrete.
• Lower cost deicer.
Anhydrous Sodium Acetate (NAAC)
• Working temperature - + 0°F (-18°C)
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Eutectic temperature - -8°F (-22°C)
Pelleted only
Spread – 200# - 500# LANE MILE
7-20# per 1000 Ft²
Deicer – contains no chloride
Used in salt sensitive areas – airport runways,
bridges, parking garages, doorways, sidewalks,
etc.
Potassium Acetate Based (KAC) CF7
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Working temperature - -26°F (-32°C)
Eutectic temperature - -76°F (-60°C)
Liquid – 50% solution
Rate of liquid application – 15-3O GAL/LM
.5 to 1 gallon per 1000 Ft².
Deice – anti-ice – pre wet
No agitation – indefinite storage life
Contains no chloride
Ideal for Fixed Anti-icing Spray Technology
(FAST)
Hidden Costs of Deicing
• Cost of salt
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Purchase price
Storage
Labor
Equipment
• Corrosion to structures
and vehicles
• Cost of sand
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Purchase price
Storage
Labor
Equipment
• Clean up
• Lawsuits
Other Hidden Costs
• Cost to public if we
don’t deice.
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Accidents
Delays
Lost business
Lost production
• Environmental concerns
– Water quality
• Chlorides
• Damage to
vegetation and
soils
– Air quality
• PM10
• Sand siltration
Federal Highway Administration
Search for chloride salt alternatives
• Environment
• Performance
• Low Corrosion
CMA, NAAC & CF7
The Problem Solvers
Acetate Ion
• Chemical
formula…CH3COO• Low corrosion
• Low toxicity
• Biodegradable
• Long lasting effect
Raw Material for Acetates
Acetic Acid
– Acetate ion
– Found in vinegar
– pH changed when
reacted base materials
– Biodegradable
Calcium Magnesium Acetate
Dolomitic lime + acetic acid
yields
Ca3Mg7(C2H3O2)20
Calcium Magnesium Acetate
• Since 1979
• Environmentally safe

Residual effect
• Low corrosion

Stores well
• Safe for concrete

Biodegradable
• Effective
performance

Low toxicity

Costs more to make!
Cryotech NAAC
Solid Runway Deicer
97% Anhydrous Sodium Acetate
+ <1% corrosion inhibitors
CH3COO- + Na+
97% Anhydrous Sodium Acetate
• Since 1997
• Environmentally safe

Residual effect
• Low corrosion

Stores well
• Effective
performance

Biodegradable

Low toxicity

Costs more to make!
• Approved for airports
CF7 Liquid Deicer
Potassium Acetate-Based
Acetic Acid + Potassium Hydroxide
yields Potassium Acetate + Water
(plus proprietary corrosion Inhibitors)
HC2H3O2 + KOH => KC2H3O2 + H2O
Problem Solver
• Environment
• Anti-icing and Deicing
• New bridges, Chloride Contaminated
bridges
• Sidewalks, Doorways & Parking Structures
• Blending/Inhibitor
• Fixed anti-icing spray technology
(F.A.S.T.)
Understanding Deicers
Must know how to use deicers
Effectively and how they work.
What Is Anti-Icing?
Anti-icing is a snow and ice control measure to
prevent a strong bond between frozen
precipitation or frost and a pavement surface by
timely application of a chemical freezing point
depressant. Proactive approach.
Anti-icing Expectations
• Snow more easily removed
• Ice may not form or remain slushy
• Lower chemical usage
• Shoveling, plowing, brooming required
• Lower equipment maintenance costs
What Is De-Icing?
De-icing is an measure where a deicer is applied
to the top of an accumulation of snow, ice or
frost that is already bonded or formed to the
pavement surface. Reactive approach.
Equipment
Using the right equipment
For effective snow & ice control
New Bridges, Parking Garages, Elevated Walkways
CMA/NAAC/CF7 – “The problem solver”
FHWA - CMA Study Conclusions
• Concrete w/o rebar
– Little weight loss or spalling
• Concrete with rebar
– No damage
– 4 Year study
• Non-metallics
– Little affect
CMA – “The problem solver”
Costs of Using Chloride Based Deicers
• Cost of new construction - $20,000$24,000/Space
• Cost to repair chloride damage $3000$4000/space
• Cost of lost revenue while out of service?
• Cost of inconvenience to customers.
• Cost of demolition
• Cost of liability and insurability
• Can’t afford chloride deicers damage from
$50/space of salt over a 20 year period
CMA Effect on Chloride Contaminated Concrete
• The Danish corrosion centre, 1990
“CMA…seems to delay the onset of
corrosion.”
• BP research centre, 1989
“Changing…to acetate deicer
decreases the corrosion rate of steel…by
more than a factor of ten.”
Corrosion Retardation
Effect of Deicers on Concrete
Spalling of Non Air-Entrained Structural Concrete
Sodium Chloride
Calcium Chloride
Urea
Ethylene Glycol
CMA
Water
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
Concrete Surface Weight Loss (mg/mm^2)
Dept of Transport, UK, 1993
Concrete Spalling
Acetate Deicers Summary of Options
• Direct application
• With chloride deicers
• With sand
• Liquid deicer
• Liquid anti-icer
• Liquid pre wetter
Cargill SafeLane™ Polymer Overlay –
Product Profile
SafeLane Surface
3/8” Thickness
4 lbs./ft2
Existing substrate
SafeLane can be installed on concrete, asphalt, FRP, steel or wood
Concrete – 12.5 lbs/sf per inch; Asphalt – 14 lbs/sf per inch
37
Deicing Chemicals Review
• Sodium chloride
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Magnesium chloride
Calcium chloride
Potassium chloride
Combinations of all of the above
Some with inhibitors packages
Calcium magnesium acetate (CMA)
Potassium acetate (CF7)
Anhydrous sodium acetate (NAAC)
Calcium Magnesium Acetate (CMA)
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Working temperature - + 20°F (-7°C)
Eutectic temperature - -18°F (-28°C)
Pelleted - Liquid to a 25% - 30% sol
Rate of liquid application – anti-icing-15-25
GAL/LM – Deice – 25-60 GAL/LM
Rate dry – 200-400# Lane Mile (10-25#/1000 Ft²)
Deice – Anti-ice – Pre wet sensitive areas
Agitation of liquid prior to loading liquid.
Contains no chlorides
Safest deicer for new concrete
CMA 40
• Working temperature - + 20°F (-7°C)
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•
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Eutectic temperature - -8°F (-22°C)
40% CMA – 60% Sodium Chloride
Spread – 200#-500# LANE MILE (10-25#/1000 Ft²)
Used to prevent spalling
Used only where there is no steel in reinforced
concrete.
• Lower cost deicer.
Anhydrous Sodium Acetate (NAAC)
• Working temperature - + 0°F (-18°C)
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•
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Eutectic temperature - -8°F (-22°C)
Pelleted only
Spread – 200#-500#/Lane Mile (7-20#/1000 Ft²)
Deicer – contains no chloride
Used in salt sensitive areas – airport runways,
bridges, parking garages, doorways, sidewalks,
etc.
Potassium Acetate Based (KAC) CF7
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Working temperature - -26°F (-32°C)
Eutectic temperature - -76°F (-60°C)
Liquid – 50% solution
Rate of liquid application – 15-3O GAL/LM
.5 – 1 gallon per 1000 Ft²
Deice – anti-ice – pre wet
No agitation – indefinite storage life
Contains no chloride
Ideal for Fixed Anti-icing Spray Technology
(FAST)
Potassium Acetate Based (KAC) CF7
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Working temperature - -26°F (-32°C)
Eutectic temperature - -76°F (-60°C)
Liquid – 50% solution
Rate of liquid application – 15-3O GAL/LM
.5 – 1 gallon per 1000 Ft²
Deice – anti-ice – pre wet
No agitation – indefinite storage life
Contains no chloride
Ideal for Fixed Anti-icing Spray Technology
(FAST)
Acetate Deicers
Summary of Options
• Direct application
• With chloride deicers
• With sand
• Liquid deicer
• Liquid anti-icer
• Liquid pre wetter
Options for Parking Garage Longevity
• Good Design
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Good Construction Materials
Good Drainage
Good Sealers/Membranes - Waterproofing
Continuous Maintenance Practices
Avoid Chloride Deicers
Use Non-Chloride Deicers like NAAC, CMA & CF7
Questions?
Tony Myhra - (800)346-7237
www.cryotech.com
NAAC/CMA DVD Available