Biomolecules
S
What is Biochemistry
S The study of the chemistry of life (involving
matter).
Element
S Basic Building Block of matter that can
not be broken down
S About 26 found in living things
S C=Carbon
S H= Hydrogen
S N=Nitrogen
S O= Oxygen
Atoms
S Made of 3 types of subatomic particles
In the nucleus
S Protons : Positive
S Neutrons :Neutral
Orbiting the nucleus
S Electrons : Negative
Compound
S 2 or more atoms chemically combined
S What is H2O?
Covalent?
S Sharing of electrons between atoms
CO2
Ionic:
S transfer of electrons between atoms
NaCl
Buffers
S Chemical that neutralize small amounts
of acids/ bases
Monomers vs. Polymers
S Small parts of a long chain
S Refers to a molecule that is a long chain
of many smaller parts
4 major Biomolecules
1. Lipid
2. Carbohydrate
3. Nucleic Acid
4. Protein
Lipid
S Organic compound used for long
term energy storage and makes up
cell membrane. Contain carbon an
hydrogen (fat, oil, wax)
Lipid
S Long term energy storage
S Made up of Carbon and hydrogen
Plasma Membrane: made of
lipids
EXAMPLES
S Fats
S Oils
S Waxes
Carbohydrate
S Is the quickest energy storage for
life. Contain carbon, hydrogen, and
oxygen.
Carbohydrate
Energy storage (OSE=SUGAR)
GLUCOSE: Simple sugar
S The monomer of
Carbohydrates
CELLULOSE: Rigid, makes up
cell wall
Found in plants cell wall
STARCHES: Complex
(polysaccharides)
S POLY?
GLYCOGEN: Long-term
backup glucose source
Nucleic Acid
S Monomer: Nucleotides
S DNA: stores genetic info in the nucleus
S RNA: Transmits genetic info for protein
production
Nucleotide
PHOSPHATE, SUGAR, NITROGEN BASE
DNA Structure
Protein
S Monomer: Amino Acid (aa)
S Polypeptide chain (peptide bond)
S Function : used for growth and repair.
Provides essential enzymes and other
structures that are used for growth and
repair
Protein
S Contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and
nitrogen
Insulin
S Released by the pancreas;
regulates blood sugar
(helps body use sugar)
S If you body can not reach
the blood levels
recommended you have
to take insulin
Enzymes
S Catalysts(speed up reactions; break
things down)
Lock and Key
S When the substrate binds to the enzyme!
How Enzymes work
Substrate: the molecule to which an enzyme binds to the
substrate and acts upon (Puzzle pieces)
What affects enzymes?
S Temperature
and pH
S The shape is
change (
denatured)
Activation Energy
S The necessary energy to start a chemical
reaction
Activation Energy
pH Scale
S The scale that is used to identify acids and
bases (range 0-14) Acids below 7, bases above 7
Organic compound?
S CONTAINS CAROBON
Hemoglobin
S Protein in red blood cells. Carries oxygen in the
blood