8th Grade
Communicable Diseases
COMMUNICABLE DISEASES
Disease
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Communicable Disease
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How disease enters the body
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Ways Pathogens Spread
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Direct Contact –
Indirect Contact –
Contact with Animals or Insects –
Other –
Germ vs. Pathogen
 Germs
o
 Pathogens
o
o Types of Pathogens
 Bacteria
 Virus
 Fungus
 Protozoa
Bacteria
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- 100 million will fit on a grain of sand
Most common
Most ________________________cause disease
Reproduce through __________________________
EX: strep throat, lyme disease
Virus
 All viruses are considered ______________________
 Smallest and simplest
 Can only live on living cells – tricks human cells into reproducing more
viruses
 Reproduce until _____________________
 EX:
 Highly specific in the types of cells they invade
o Polio – nervous system
o Common Cold – respiratory system
o Chicken Pox – integumentary system
 Antibiotic drugs do not have an affect on viruses.
Fungus
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Live off of __________________________things
EX:
Live in warm, moist places (locker, mats)
EX:
Protozoa
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Most are harmless
_________________________________organisms
Grow in water
Multiply quickly in moist places
EX:
IMMUNE SYSTEM
What is it?
Organs of the Immune System
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o
First Line Of Defense
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Skin
 Acts as a protective barrier
 Pathogens enter through cuts, scrapes and burns
Mucous Membrane
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Line your _________, __________, __________ and __________
Trap Pathogens
Expel Pathogens
Lined with Cilia
o Cilia -
Secondary Defenses
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 Chemical Barriers
 Reflexes
 FEVER
o Norm temp. ____________
o When microorganisms multiply body temp ______________
o Temp. increase slows multiplying
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White Blood Cells
o Special cells that fight infection
o Kill pathogens by surrounding and swallowing
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Chemical Barriers
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Tears and Saliva
o
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Stomach Acid
o
Its acidic nature creates a difficult breeding ground
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Reflexes
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Immune Response
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Immune Response System
 Leukocytes or White Blood Cells
o Seek out and destroy disease causing organisms/substances
o EX: Lymphocyte
 Lymphocytes
o 4 types
 Killer T Cells –
 Helper T Cells –
 B Cells –
 Macrophage –
How it works…
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Virus enters the body through port of entry
Macrophage bites the virus and shows antigen to B-Cell
Helper T-Cells call the B-Cells
B-Cells create and antibody
o Kept on file for immunity
 Killer T-Cell destroys the virus
Antigen vs. Antibody
 Antigen
o
o
 Antibody
o
 Fit together like lock and key
Active Immunity
 2 types
o
 Body gets disease and recovers – recall immune response
o
 Dead or weakened strain of the virus injected into the body
 Body destroys the virus and creates antibodies against it.
Problems with the Immune System
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o System not present or working properly
o May be caused by medicines (chemotherapy) or infections
(HIV/AIDS)
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o Immune system mistakenly attacks body’s healthy organs
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o System over reacts to exposure to antigens in the environment
COMIC STRIP
With a partner you are to create a comic strip explaining the immune process
beginning with the pathogens entry into the body. You must make mention to
the port of entry, one first line defense mechanism and second line defense
system that failed and specific immune response. You must include the following
as a part of specific immune response description:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Macrophage
Helper T-Cells
B-Cells
Killer T-Cells
Antibodies
Antigens
Be creative! Use word and thought bubbles to indicate what is happening. You
may use clip art, drawings etc. to build your story. The comic must be in color and
present a clear illustration/description of the specific immune response process.
IMMUNE SYSTEM COMIC STRIP
GRADING RUBRIC
Points Earned
Macrophage
Helper T-Cell
Killer T-Cell
B-Cell
Antigen
Antibody
Characters
Narration
Color/Neatness
Accuracy
Total
Points Possible
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
4
25
Name:___________________________________________
Body Stories “The Flu”
Directions: As you watch “Body Systems: The Flu” follow along to answer the following questions.
1. What is Holly’s first line of defense against the invading virus?
2. How does the virus get inside the cell?
3. What are the front line troops of the immune system?
4. What is their job of the natural killer cells?
5. What is the job of the macrophage?
6. Macrophages release interleukins into the blood stream. What is the job of the
interleukins?
7. What two cells float through the lymph?
8. Which cell is destroys the virus?
9. Antibodies are produced by what cell?
10. The left over T cells are known as what?