World Literature
Week 4
Monday, September 21, 2015
• Write a paragraph (6-8 sentences) about your weekend OR school
year thus far. Use 1 compound complex sentence, 2 complex
sentences, and two semicolons. Highlight and label the parts of the
sentence.
Objectives
• SWBAT understand the grammar rules for irregular plural nouns.
• SWBAT create sentences appropriately using apostrophes with regular
and irregular plural nouns.
Turn and Talk
• What are irregular plural nouns?
Regular Nouns
• We make regular nouns plural by adding –s to the end of the word
• Examples:
• cat
• chair
• shoe
cats
chairs
shoes
• However, there are many nouns that do not follow this pattern and
they are called irregular nouns
Rule # 1
Nouns ending in
[s, x, z, ch, and sh]
• Form the plural by adding –es to the end of the
word
• Examples:
•
•
•
•
•
class
box
buzz
watch
dish
classes
boxes
buzzes
watches
dishes
Examples
Singular
Plural
beach
beaches
match
matches
sandwich
sandwiches
bush
bushes
eyelash
eyelashes
ax
axes
fox
foxes
tax
taxes
kiss
kisses
Rule # 2
Nouns ending in
consonant + [y]
• Form plural by changing [y] to [i] and add –es
• Examples:
•
•
•
•
lady
city
party
baby
ladies
cities
parties
babies
Examples
Singular
Plural
puppy
puppies
family
families
story
stories
library
libraries
country
countries
butterfly
butterflies
discovery
discoveries
Rule # 3
Nouns ending in [f] or [fe]
• Form plural by changing [f] or [fe] to –ves
• Examples:
•
•
•
•
half
leaf
wife
knife
halves
leaves
wives
knives
• But NOT always!
• belief
• chef
• roof
beliefs
chefs
roofs
Examples
Singular
Plural
calf
calves
loaf
loaves
scarf
scarves
thief
thieves
wolf
wolves
shelf
shelves
life
lives
Rule # 4
Some Nouns that end in [o]
• Form plural by adding –es
• Examples:
•
•
•
•
tomato
potato
hero
echo
tomatoes
potatoes
heroes
echoes
• But NOT Always!
•
•
•
•
kangaroo
piano
photo
auto
kangaroos
pianos
photos
autos
Examples
Singular
Plural
potato
potatoes
kangaroo
kangaroos
echo
echoes
tomato
tomatoes
photo
photos
auto
autos
hero
heroes
piano
pianos
Irregular forms without –s
• Examples:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
man
woman
child
mouse
goose
foot
ox
tooth
men
women
children
mice
geese
feet
oxen
teeth
• These nouns just need to be memorized because they
do not follow a rule
Examples
Singular
Plural
woman
women
goose
geese
man
men
mouse
mice
ox
oxen
tooth
teeth
child
children
foot
feet
Some nouns have the same singular and
plural form
• Examples:
•
•
•
•
•
•
a shrimp
a series
a fish
a deer
a sheep
a moose
two shrimp
two series
two fish
two deer
two sheep
two moose
• These nouns are determined plural or singular
by the context of the sentence
Think, Walk, Pair, and Share
• What are the different ways to use apostrophes?
2 Main Uses of Apostrophes:
1. To form a contraction:
’
don t
’
’
can t
wouldn t
2. To show possession
’
’
John s car
the boy s bike
’
the workers contract
2 rules for adding an apostrophe to
form a possessive
1. If a word ends in –s already, add only the
apostrophe:
’
The students backpacks were stolen from the
classroom during the break.
2. If the word does not end in –s, add ’s:
The instructor
’s parking permit was stolen.
ALERT:
Some words are possessive without
the apostrophe. These words are the
possessive pronouns:
Tip: Be careful
not to confuse it’s
and its.
it’s = it is
my, mine
its
his
her, hers
your, yours
our, ours
their, theirs
whose
Practice
• Practice using irregular plural nouns and apostrophes with the
handout.
Homework
• Complete the worksheet.
Tuesday, September 22, 2015
• Complete the Exit Ticket and then SSR (20 minutes)
Objectives
• SWBAT Distinguish the differences between informal and formal
tones while reading short passages.
• SWBAT write a letter displaying the differences in informal and formal
tones.
Think, Pair, and Share
• Reflecting on your background knowledge and personal experience
what do you already know about tone?
Tone
 The attitude that an author takes toward the audience, the subject,
or the character.
 Conveyed through the author’s words and detail.
How to identify the TONE?
 Tone
must be inferred through the use of descriptive
words
 You can recognize the tone/ attitude by the language/
word choices the author uses
Words that describe tone
POSITIVE
- Optimistic
- Formal
-Humorous , witty
- Amused, Cheerful
- Joyful, jubilant
- Complimentary
- Compassionate
-Reverent; respectful
NEGATIVE
- Pessimistic
- Informal
- Sarcastic, Ironic
-Threatening, Horror
-Nonchalant
-Indifferent
NEUTRAL
-
Detached
Authoritative
Straightforward:
Matter-of-fact:
Disinterested:
Formal vs. Informal
• When we write essays (or send emails to teachers) are tone must
CONSISTENTLY be Formal…
• What’s the difference between formal and informal tones?
Informal Language—
WORDS TO AVOID
•Casual Speaking
st
nd
•1 /2 Person Pronouns:
•Examples:
•I, me, my, you, your, our, we
Contractions
Words that are a combination of two words.
Examples:
can't, doesn't, that's, they're, it’s, etc.
ALL contractions need to be separated
Examples:
Cannot, does not, that is, they are, it is, etc.
To create a FORMAL tone—
WORDS TO USE
 Write in the 3rd Person
 Avoid using words like “You” or “Your” or “I”
 Instead, use the following words as substitutes
 Examples:
 "An individual..."
 or "A person..."
 or "People,"
 and "One."
Avoid Basic Adjectives in Formal Writing
• Instead of using basic adjectives that you might use
when you are speaking with someone you are very
comfortable with--like a friend--instead use words
that are academic and enhance the formal tone of
your paper.
Example 1
Informal:
•I think that it's really bad that
students have to do so much
homework all the time.
Example 1
Formal:
Many people, specifically students, feel
that it is unfair that they receive a surplus
of homework each day.
Example 2
Informal:
When you look at bacteria through a
microscope, it might seem like nothing, but its
effects are really bad if you're exposed to it
directly.
Example 2
Formal:
If an individual observes bacteria through a
microscope, one might find that it appears
harmless. However, individuals exposed to bacteria
have a higher likelihood of contracting the harmful
effects, such as an illness.
Practice
• Use the worksheet to practice using consistent tones.
Formal vs Informal
• With your partner write two letters. The first will be a letter to your
teacher and the second will be one to a friend. Your topic for the
prompt is: Homework. (Do you like or dislike it? Is it useful? Should it
be banned?)
Homework
• Read A Party Down At the Square. Remember to annotate by asking
questions and making connections with the text
Wednesday, September 23, 2015
• Complete the Apostrophe Do Now
Homework
• Write 10 sentences using the Sentence Types. Label the parts of
sentence. If not labeled correctly, you will be in LaSalle!
• Remember to use your Cheat Sheet!
Objectives
• SWBAT Justify the theme(s) of A Party Down At the Square using
evidence from the text.
Theme Analysis
• Complete the worksheet.
Timed Writing
• You will have 40 minutes to complete the following prompt:
How does the narrator’s tone contribute to Ellison’s purpose for writing
A Party Down At the Square? Be sure to include 2 compound
sentences, 2 complex sentences, and two compound-complex
sentences. (Highlight them)
Thursday, September 24, 2015
• SSR (20 minutes)
Objective
• SWBAT study Grammar skills with peers in stations.
Grammar Stations
• Station 1: Sentence Types
• Station 2: Semicolons
• Station 3: Apostrophes and Irregular Plural Nouns
• Station 4: Tone/Consistent Word Choice
You will spend 12-13 minutes at each station; I will display the timer
and prompt you when to move to a different station. You must attend
each station.
Homework
• Study for tomorrow’s CCRS Midterm
Friday, September 25, 2015
Homework: Read and annotate The Yellow Wallpaper. Write 5
questions you have about the text. (Must use the starter phrase I
wonder…)
• Clear your desk and prepare for Midterm.
ASSMNT Grade: 40 points
Homework
• Read and annotate The Yellow Wallpaper. Write 5 questions you have
about the text. (Must use the starter phrase I wonder…)