THE THIRTEEN COLONIES
Virginia (1607)
Massachusetts
(1620)
New York (1626)
Maryland (1633)
Rhode Island
(1636)
Connecticut
(1636)
Delaware (1638)
New Hampshire
(1638)
North Carolina
(1653)
South Carolina
(1663)
New Jersey (1664)
Pennsylvania
(1682)
Georgia (1732)
A. Life in the English Colonies
1. types of colonial government
a. charter – colony given permission to piece of
ground with self-government overseen by the
king- more freedom
b. proprietorship- colony created by a grant
of land by a monarch to an individual or family
c. royal- colony controlled directly by the king
2. English colonies
a. English settlers in Virginia
1. Roanoke Island –near North Carolina
ROANOKE ISLAND AND SIR WALTER RALEIGH
a. sent by Sir Walter Raleigh- returned after 1 yr
b. Lost Colony of Roanoke- second colony 1587
expedition returns in 1590- all colonists gone
2. Virginia Companies- merchants form 2 companies
a. Virginia Company of Plymouth and Virginia
Company of London
1. companies received a charter to trade
2. London group settled-called it Virginia
a. Jamestown –settlement established for trade
expansion-had problems:
1. swampy land=malaria/and typhoid fever
2. colonists were unprepared for wilderness
3. John Smith –takes charge-makes it thrive
a. saved by Pocohantas (Indian princess)
JAMESTOWN
John Smith
-Takes charge, had colonists
farm, clear land, trade
-captured by Native Americans
-freed by Pocahontas
3. John Rolfe –planted new crop called tobacco on
plantations-worked by indentured servants/slaves
a. indentured servants- people who worked for
years (3-7) in exchange for passage to New World
4. Self-Government beginnings
a. burgesses – representatives to House of
Burgesses- elected by adult freemen- made laws
(representative government- voters elect people
to make laws for them)
b. King James I unhappy- turns Virginia into a royal
colony- but did not abolish House of Burgesses
B. New England Colonies (MA, NH, CT, RI)
1. Massachusetts 1620- William Bradford, Gov
a. Plymouth Colony
1. Religious problems in England after Catholic
Church split in England
a. Puritans-new Anglican Church wanted to
purify the new church from any Catholic
rituals
b. Separatists –group of Puritans who disagreed
with these methods, so they separated
1. attacked- called themselves Pilgrims-term for
travelers with a religious goal
c. Pilgrims set sail for America on the Mayflower,
1. landed outside Cape Cod, (Massachusetts) Nov.
1620
d. Mayflower Compact –document setting up a form
of self-government- agreed to obey laws passed by
majority of men
1. first document in which American colonists
claimed a right to govern themselves.
PLYMOUTH
ROCK
e. Plymouth – where they first land- hard winter
1. Samoset – Native American- speaks English
a. introduced them to Massasoit, chief of
Wampanoags, who helps them
b. Squanto, teaches them hunting, planting,
fishing
2. Thanksgiving –feast from Pilgrims’ bounty
b. Massachusetts Bay Colony- Puritans
1. John Winthrop, founder/leader
2. religious freedom- Puritans- wanted to
reform or change the Church of England
a. irony- they had no tolerance for other religions
1. toleration – recognition that other people
have the right to different opinions
3. turn Mass BC into a commonwealth – a selfgoverning political unit
2. Rhode Island 1636 -Roger Williams- founder
a. founded for religious freedom
1. Williams felt Puritan church had too much power
2. He suggested separation of church and state
– a principle our country is based on now
3. he was banished –founded Providence –new
town that accepted all faiths
4. Anne Hutchinson – also challenged Puritan
church; made her own community in R.I.
b. Rhode Island became a charter colony in 1644
3. New Hampshire 1622- John Mason and
Ferdinando Gorges, founder/leaders
a. became a royal colony in 1680 after split from
Massachusetts
4. Connecticut 1636- Thomas Hooker (minister)founder/leader- disagreed with Puritan leaders
a. reason for founding –religious freedom/trade
b. founded Hartford
c. Fundamental Orders of Connecticut –first
American constitution (plan of government)
d. Became a charter colony in 1662
John Mason
Ferdinando Gorges
Sir Ferdinando Gorges and Captain
John Mason study their 1622
grant.
Thomas Hooker, founder
of Connecticut, is called
the “Father of American
Democracy” because he
authored “The
Fundamental Orders of
Connecticut, which was
the first form of a
constitution in the
United States.
C. Middle Atlantic Colonies (New York, PA, New
Jersey, Delaware)
1. New York 1624- Peter Minuet-Dutch
a. New Netherland becomes New York when
James, Duke of York, seizes it.
b. Reason for founding –expansion of trade
c. Government- James, Duke of York was
named proprietor, or owner of the colony
2. Pennsylvania 1681- William Penn- founder
a. proprietorship –land given by King to Penn’s
father
a. named it Pennsylvania which meant “Penn’s Woods”
b. founded for religious/political freedom
1. Quakers – Penn’s religious group-believed all
people were equal
a. pacifists – believed in peace/not war- known as
the Society of Friends
b. Penn’s Holy Experiment- all religions together
2. Pennsylvania Dutch –German-settled on the rivers
3. New Jersey 1682
a. John Berkelely and George Carteret- founders
b. Reason: money/religious freedom
c. royal colony
WHY HE GOT
PENNSYLVANIA
• RECEIVED LAND
GRANT BECAUSE
HIS DAD LENT
KING CHARLES
MONEY
• Brought his
religious
community, the
Quakers, with
him.
His Beliefs
His rule
• Religious
freedom
• Popular
support of
the
government
• Treated
Native
Americans
well
• Believed all
people were
equal
4. Delaware 1664
a. Swedish settlers –founders
D. Southern Colonies (VA, MD, SC, NC, GA)
1. Virginia (Jamestown) 1607
2. Maryland 1632
a. George Calvert and Lord Baltimore –founders
b. Reasons- religious freedom/profit from land sale
1. religious refuge for Catholics after split in
England
2. Toleration Act- Lord Baltimore passed this act
a. guaranteed all Christians the right to worship
George Calvert
Lord Baltimore
3. South Carolina 1663 and North Carolina 1663
a. Eight proprietors- founded for profit from trade
(tobacco crops)
1. North –mainly Virginia farmers
2. South – mainly West Indies, British, and other
settlers
a. Charles Town – major port city
4. Georgia 1732
a. James Oglethorpe –founder/leader
1. brought over people from debtor’s prison to work
off their debts (debtors-people who owe money)
b. Colony created to keep Spanish within Florida’s
borders
James Oglethorpe wanted to help
those in England’s debtors’
prison, so he suggested they be
sent to Georgia to work off their
debts and fight the Spanish
encroachment.
King George II supported this
idea, so he allowed the debtors
to leave England. However, not all
the debtors wanted to go to fight
the Spanish.