Living with Turmoil 1954-1975
Living with Great Turmoil
Unit 6
• Set up your Table of Contents
• Daily Warm Up Pages (2)
Daily Warm Up #1: Time Line
The New Frontier and the Great Society
• List 5 of the 10 events on your US Timeline on pages 668-669
John F. Kennedy 1960-1963
• With fear of losing the “race” between Russia, Kennedy vowed to “get
America moving again”
• Kennedy (D) v. Nixon (R)
• Television helped votes for Kennedy
• More charismatic and well spoken compared to Nixon
Pros and Cons of Kennedy
• Cons:
Young- only 43
Roman Catholic
Pros:
Well organized campaign
Wealthy family
Handsome
Kennedy and Civil Rights
• MLK Jr. was arrested along with other African American Activists for sitting
at a segregated lunch counter in Atlanta
• Others were released on bail but King was sentenced to months of hard
labor in jail… for a traffic violation
• Kennedy calls Loretta Scott King and offers his sympathies
• Kennedy then calls the judge to release the Civil Rights Activist on Bail
• News of this captured the attention of the African
American community winning Kennedy votes in the south
and mid-west
Camelot Years
• America was mesmerized by the Kennedy Family
• People would in enroll in speed reading courses because the
President could read 1600 words per minute
• Jackie was young, beautiful, fashion forward
• Camelot’s world was marked by chivalry and magic
as seemed in Kennedy’s term
• Also opened on Broadway in 1960
READ- Don’t Know Much About American History
Left Side: Kennedy Baseball Card
• Years as President
• Accomplishments
• Political Party
• Running Mate
Daily Warm Up- A New Military Policy
• Explain Kennedy’s new military policy and the idea of flexible
response
Cuban Missile Crisis
• Fulgencio Battista former leader of Cuba was toppled by a guerilla
movement led by Fidel Castro 1959
“Revolutionaries are not born, they are made by poverty, inequality and
dictatorship”- Castro
Castro- after gaining control over Cuba
- Seized three American and British Oil Refineries
- Broke up commercial farms into communes
- We owned 75% of sugar crop land in Cuba so we put a trade
barrier against Cuban sugar
Cuban Perspective
• Originally Cubans are happy Castro is their leader- they hated their
dictator Battista
• Castro declares themselves communist and accepts aid from the
Soviet Union
• Soviet Union- extremely happy about Cuba- (only 90 miles from US)
• Cuba- Mad at US for trade restrictions on sugar so Castro stands up to
the United States (With SU backing)
• People of Cuba- now upset with Castro because he “replaced one
dictator with himself as a dictator”)
Bahia de Cochinos- Bay of Pigs
• 10% of Cubans fled to the US in exile of Cuba
• We secretly train these exiles in hopes to stage an overthrow of
Castro
• April 17, 1961- about 1300 Cuban exiles- supported by the US- land in
the coast Bahia de Cochinos- Bay of Pigs
• DISTASTER- Air strike failed (even though the CIA said it succeeded)
• An advanced troop never landed to distract Castro’s troops
• Main unit lacked air support as it faced SU tanks and 25,000 Cuban troops
• Kennedy was embarrassed
Nuclear Crisis
• Kennedy declared he would not accept any further communist
intervention in the western hemisphere
• Castro accepted aid and weapons from Nikita Khrushchev anyway
• We spy on Cuba and see weapons of mass destruction that would
land in the US in minutes
• US Navy quarantines Cuba within in 500 mile perimeter
• 100,000 Troops waited in Florida
• 6 days later Krushchev offered to remove the missiles if the US
promises not to invade Cuba ever again. We also agree to move our
missiles from Turkey
“For a moment the world had stood still”- Robert
Kennedy, Attorney General of the US
Kennedy and Khrushchev take the heat
• Both reputations are damaged by this
• Castro closes it’s doors to exiles in November 1962
• 3 years later he let a small window of opportunity for those who
wanted to escape to be with their families in Miami
• Cuban population in Miami increased by 300,000
Daily Warm Up: Political Cartoons
What do you think the
Political Cartoon is saying
about Kennedy?
What incident do you
think it is describing?
Left Side: Analyzing Primary Sources
• Read a Letter from Khrushchev to Kennedy about relations
concerning Cuba
• Questions to consider
1. How does Khrushchev describe communism?
2. What is Khrushchev’s solution to the SU and US relations?
3. What is the ultimate goal Khrushchev’s proposal?
Daily Warm Up: The Berlin Wall
• What is the Berlin Wall?
• What led Khrushchev to build the wall? (677-678)
Easing Tensions
• Ways to Ease Tensions between Kennedy and Khrushchev
Hot Line between the White House and Kremlin
Limited Test Ban Treaty- barred Nuclear Testing in the
atmosphere
Left Side- The New Frontier
Addressing
Poverty
Stimulating
the Economy
New Frontier:
Transforming
Progress into Action
Domestic Problems
Race to the
Moon
Daily Warm Up: Tragedy in Dallas
• Read Pages 682-683
• Why was Lee Harvey Oswald suspicious?
• What is the Warren Commission?
Kennedy’s Assassination
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1q91RZko5Gw
Left Side: LBJ and The Great Society
Your sentence
Reapportionment
Economic Opportunity Act
Great Society
Medicare and Medicaid
Immigration Act of 1965
Warren Court
True or False
Corrected Sentence HISTORICALLY
ACCURATE WITH DEFINITION
Daily Warm Up:
• What is the Great Society?
• What is the Impact of the Great Society?
Waging Two Wars- LBJ
• As part of the Great Society- the president declared war on poverty
• Personal experiences with poverty growing up in an impoverished part of TX
Created the Job
Corps to train people to work and help them find jobs
War 2- Vietnam. Soon spent more money on Vietnam than all of the Great
Society Programs combined
Positive Changes
• Economic Opportunity Act- approving $1billion for youth programs,
antipoverty measures, small business loans and job training
• Ex: Project Head Start; VISTA; Community Action Program
• Doors opened for non-European immigrants in 1965- ending quotas
based on nationality
• Water Quality Act of 1965 to clean lakes and rivers for clean supply
• Safety Laws for Consumer Protection when buying goods
Discussion: Interpreting Charts- pg. 690
• What did the Great Society programs indicate about the federal
government’s changing roles?
Homework: DUE FRIDAY TO THE SUB
• Choose ONE of the two prompts to answer with complete
sentences:
• One page
• Preferably Typed
• What events and problems may have affected the success of
the Great Society? What are the points and counterpoints to
LBJ’s program?
• What are the similarities and differences between Kennedy’s
New Frontier and LBJ’s Great Society? What other federal
program from what President influenced these ideas?
Daily Warm Up: World Stage
• Read the World Stage on Pg. 701 in your book.
• What is apartheid?
• What happened in 1994?
John Green- Crash Course
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lkXFb1sMa38
Key Player Baseball Cards
THURGOOD MARSHALL (702)
ROSA PARKS (704)
- POSITION IN THE U.S.
- ADVOCATED WHAT?
- HOW DID HE AFFECT BROWN V BOARD
-
MARTIN LUTHER KING JR. (706)
MALCOLM X (719)
-
-
ACCOMPLISHMENTS
CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENTS
HOW DID HE DEOMONSTRATE FREEDOM
FACTS
WHAT ACTS DID SHE PERFORM
WHAT DID SHE JOIN
WHAT WAS A TURNING POINT IN HER LIFE IN 1955
WHAT HAPPENED IN MONTGOMERY
ACCOMPLISHMENTS
FACTS
HOW DID HE DEOMONSTRATE FREEDOM
WHAT HAPPENED IN 1946
Daily Warm Up: SCLC
• What was the role of the SCLC?
Copy into Right Side of Notebook
Civil Rights Act
of 1957
Civil Rights Act
of 1964
Voting Rights
Act of 1965
Civil Rights Act
of 1968
- Established federal
Commission on Civil
Rights
- Established a Civil
Rights Division in the
Justice Department to
enforce Civil Rights
laws
- Enlarged federal
power to protect
voting rights
- Banned most
discrimination in
employment and in
public
accommodations
- Enlarged federal
power to protect
voting rights and
speed up school
desegregation
- Established equal
employment
opportunity
commission to ensure
fair treatment in
employment
- Eliminated voter
literacy tests
- Enabled federal
examiners to register
voters
- Prohibited
discrimination in the
sale or rental of most
housing
- Strengthened antilynching laws
- Made it a crime to
harm civil rights
workers
Current Event- Discrimination
• Discrimination has been a controversial subject in the news recently
especially with allegations with police brutality.
• Find an article that accurately represents discrimination today and
apply it to discrimination/segregation in the 1960s
• Include Article
• 2 Paragraphs- 1 summary, 1 comparison to the 1960s
• Will be handed in to me Monday
Daily Warm Up: Who are they?
• Who is Shirley Chisolm and Stokely Carmichael?
1. Partner Up 2. Choose a Side. 3. Present your
Arguments and Historical Decision made.
Plessy V. Ferguson
1. Plessy
2. Ferguson
3. What happened, who won?
Brown V. Board of Topeka
1. Brown
2. BOE Topeka
3. What happened, who won?
Mc Laurin V. Oklahoma State
1. Mc Laurin
2. Oklahoma State
3. What happened, who won?
Sweatt v. Painter
1. Sweatt
2. Painter
3. What happened, who won?
Daily Warm Up: Selma Campaign
• In what ways was the civil rights campaign in Selma similar to the one
in Birmingham?
Legacy of the Civil Rights Movement
• Kerner Commission: study the causes of urban violence; white racsim
• The report called for the nation to create new jobs, construct new housing
and end de facto segregation in order to wipe out the destructive ghetto
environment
• Johnson administration ignores many of the recomendations because of
white opposition to sweeping changes
Left Side: The First Sit In
• With a partner: Read Mc Cain’s first account of the sit in. Answer
these questions on your left side
• Who participated in the first sit in at Woolworths? What were their names
and who were they?
• “We don’t separate your money at the cash register” – Explain the hypocrisy
of that sentence
• What psychological forced helped them that day? Are you surprised by this?
Daily Warm Up- Who is Ho Chi Minh?
• Who• What• Where• When• Why-
The Vietnam War Years
French Indochina and Imperialism
• Late 1800s- WWII- France ruled most of Indochina (Vietnam, Laos,
Cambodia)
• French built plantations and harvested rice and rubber trees
• Restricted speech and assembly to Vietnamese nationalists by jailing
them
• 1940- Japan takes over Vietnam on their quest for Imperialism as well
Ho’s Call for Help
• 1930 Ho Chi Minh creates the Indochinese Communist Party in China
• 1940 after Japanese occupy Vietnam, Ho creates the Vietminhorganized group to win the independence of Vietnam from the
Japanese
• When the Japanese lose WWII, Ho Chi Minh declares Vietnam and
independent country on Sept. 2 1945 in Hanoi, the country’s capital
• French do not accept this and move back in once the Japanese leave
The US Steps in
• During WWII, Truman funds aid to Ho Chi Minh to defeat the
Japanese and supports him in his efforts
• When the Japanese leave and the French take over southern Vietnam
and rage war with North Vietnamese nation- The US changes alliances
and funds the war for the French to defeat Vietnamese nationalists
• Despite the massive aid by the US- The French lost Vietnam at the
Battle of Dien Bien Phu in NW Vietnam
• How do you think Ho Chi Minh views the United States?
Geneva Accords
• Temporarily divides Vietnam into North and South at the 17th
Parallel
• North- Ho Chi Minh and the Communists
• Capital- Hanoi
• South- Ngo Dinh Diem anticommunist- Pro Western
• Capital- Saigon
The Domino Effect- How did each President
contribute to the start of the Vietnam War?
TRUMAN pg 731
EISENHOWER pg 731
KENNEDY pg 732
JOHNSON pg 734
Daily Warm Up- Indochina 1959
• Answer the Geography Skillbuilder questions 1 & 2
Ho Chi Minh Trail
• 1956 an election was held in Vietnam.
• Ho Chi Minh would have won the support of the country so Southern
Vietnam (Diem) refuses to participate in the election
• Southern Vietnam grew tired and upset with Diem
• Restricted Buddhist practices because he was a devout Catholic
• Restricted land to peasants (opposite of Ho Chi Minh)
• Southern National Liberation Front Groups (Vietcong) assassinate
government officials
• Ho aids this group by sending supplies and aid through the Ho Chi
Minh Trail
Thich Quang Duc
A Vietnamese Buddhist monk who burned himself to death at a
busy Saigon road intersection on June 11, 1963- Protest to stop Diem’s
anti Buddhism laws
Self immolation
Left to Johnson
• Despite Kennedy’s wishes, Diem was assassinated by a US military
coup for the sake of containing communism
• A few weeks later, Kennedy too, is assassinated
• “If I let the communists take over South Vietnam, then my nation
would be seen as an appeaser and we would find it impossible to
accomplish anything”= President Johnson
Tonkin Gulf Resolution
• August 2 1964 North Vietnamese patrol boat fired at the USS Maddox
which was patrolling the Gulf of Tonkin
• Target was missed and the Maddox inflicted heavy damage on the
Vietnamese
• Two days later, it was reported that enemy torpedos were being shotnone of which actually happened
• Johnson declared bombs to be dropped onto Northern Vietnam as result of
this “attack”
• Congress votes to let Johnson adopt the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution- while not a
declaration of war- it grants Johnson military powers in Vietnam
TGR continued
• American people did not know of the secret raids against Northern
Vietnam
• Johnson had prepared the resolution months before the event
happened- waiting for a time to push it through to Congress
• Operation Rolling Thunder- response to a Vietcong attack that killed 8
Americans- consistent bombing of NV
• 50,000 US soldiers were battling the Vietcong by June
Daily Warm Up: Vietcong Tunnels
• Explain the outline on page 738 of the Vietcong Tunnels, what
purposes do you think they served?
Left Side: Groups of Four- Research pg 736-741
Key Military Figures
Who were they?
What differing opinions did Johnsons advisors have about Vietnam?
Jungle life
In what ways did the US underestimate the Vietcong?
Explain napalm, Agent Orange, Search and destroy missions?
Sinking Moral
What factors lad to a low moral of US Troops?
Explain the frustrations and hardships?
The Early War at Home
What lead to the growing concern in America about the Vietnam war?
What is the credibility gap?
Daily Warm Up: The Draft
• What is a draft?
• In the 1960s would you have qualified for the draft based on age,
gender, etc? Why or why not?
A Nation Divided: Women and African
Americans
• Imbalance in African American death toll to actual population in the
US. 20% deaths v. 10% population
• MLK tried not to speak about Vietnam for it would take away from
issues of Civil Rights
• Racial tension and hostility in platoons= low troop morale
• 10,000 women served as nurses- not allowed in combat
• Thousands more volunteered for Red Cross and USO
The New Left
• New Left: Growing movement towards socialism:
• Students fro a Democratic Society (SDS)- say corporations and large gov’t
institutions were taking over America
• Free Speech Movement (FSM)(1964)- clash between students and
administrators over free speech on Campus
Opposition and Protests
• Campus Activists: dress codes, curfews, dorm regulations, ROTC
programs
• FDU in NJ- marched for an expression of student discontent
• March on Washington with 20,000 supporters in 1965, 30,000 in 1966
• Resistance to Vietnam: “a civil war that the US military had no
business being there” “Oppressive SV regime was no better than the
NV communist regime”
• Draft- 10,000 fled to Canada, others were imprisoned for violating
draft laws
• http://www.ny1.com/nyc/all-boroughs/news/2015/04/17/protesterslooks-back-50-years-after-first-major-vietnam-war-protest.html
Left Side: Hawk or Dove
• Create your own pro or anti Vietnam Poster
Daily Warm Up: Tet Offensive
• What is Tet New Year? When is it celebrated? Why is it celebrated?
• What was the Tet Offensive
1968
• The Tet Offense changed millions of minds about the war- both sides
now tailed at 40%
• Minds also changing about the White House- Robert Mc Namara
resigns and Johnson picks Clark Clifford- a friend and supporter of the
Vietnam Policy
• Johnson realizes he has lost the American Public and his support
plummets
Days of Loss and Rage
• “The War.. Killed the Lady that I love, the Great Society”- Johnson
• Johnson decides not to run for President after going back and forth
with nominations
• April 4, 1968- Martin Luther King Jr. is assassinated
• Robert Kennedy decides to run on the Democratic ballot- is too
assassinated by Palestinian immigrant Sirhan- upset by his support of
Israel
Race for President
• Eugene Mc Carthy (D) v Hubert Humphrey
• Chaos and riots break out
• Nixon campaigns on a promise to restore law and order
• George Wallace runs on a third party
Left Side: Kent State
• Pg 756-757 Answer the skillbuilder questions 1 and 2
Daily Warm Up: My Lai Massacre
• Who was involved?
• What Happened?
• Where did it happen?
• When?
• Why?
Nixon and Vietnam
• 1969- First Troops are with drawled by Nixon- Vietnamizationgradual with drawl created by Nixon and Henry Kissinger (Security
Advisor)
• 500,000 troops to 25,000
Peace with honor- however as Nixon had troops leave Vietnam- he
ordered more bombing on NV, Laos and Cambodia where Vietcong
refugees still hid in order to prove a point
Pentagon Papers
• By first bombing and invading Cambodia, Capitol Hill is not pleased
with Nixon
• 7,000 page document of plans for Vietnam was leaked by Daniel
Ellsberg
• For Americans it proved that the government had not been honest
about its war intentions
Americans longest War Ends
• March 1972- the Vietnamese launched their biggest attack on SV since the
Tet Offensive in 1986- Nixon orders the biggest bombing the NV has ever
seen
• Grueling stalemate continues and it was after that the Nixon administration
took steps to end America’s involvement
• Kissinger and Le Duc Tho (NV Chief negotiator) discuss Peace- but talks
broke off because of talk of NV troops stationed in SV
• Nixon wins re-election- however orders the Christmas bombings-100,000
bombs only to pause once on Christmas Day
• US signs and Agreement on Ending the War in Vietnam and Restoring
Peace” under the agreement NV troops would stay in SV
• March 29 1973 the last US combat troops left for home
Legacy of Vietnam
• Saigon falls in April 30, 1975- South Vietnam surrenders to North
Vietnam
• War Powers Act- A president must inform congress within 48 hours of
sending forces into a hostile area without a declaration of war
• 1.5 million people fled Vietnam
• Cambodian Civil War lead to genocide
• 15% of soldiers had PTSD and could not readjust