 TEXT CHAPTERS 1 & 2

WORK FLOW

WORKBOOK QUESTIONS

EARLY PHOTOGRAPHERS: Nicéphore Niépce ,
Henry Fox Talbot, Louis Daguerre & Felix Nadar

PHOTOGRAMS

CAMERA CHECKS

HORENSTEIN CHAPTER 1 “BEGINNINGS”
35 mm single-lens-reflex (SLR) camera 35 mm parts film speed (see below) film leader take-up spool sprocket holes shutter button film counter viewfinder light meter lens aperture f-stops shutter shutter speed program auto exposure mode (P) manual mode (M) focus auto focus rewinding film

negative/positive darkroom prints enlarger
ONLINE RESOURCES
NCCC LIBRARY YOUTUBE
CLASS MATERIALS
35mm SLR camera (range finder ok) Kodak Tri-X or Ilford
HP5+ film (400 ISO)
Ilford RC Multigrade pager or Kodak Poly-Contrast RC paper 8”x10”
Negative file sheets. 3-ring binder
HOW PHOTOGRAPHIC MATERIALS WORK (Chapter 3)
-Silver Bromide
-Light
-Development “spot”
-Developer
Basic parts of the film:
Emulsion & Base

FILM WEB LINK
FILM DEVELOPMENT PROCESS
FILM & PAPER CHOICES
Since we are dealing with black & white film and prints in this course, the discussion is limited to these products.
Photographic films vary in their SENSITIVITY to light. In other words, so films react faster to light than others. A films sensitivity is expressed with a number which as been standardized world-wide by the I nternational S tandards
O rganization. This is called the ISO number (the same as the American Standards Organization number or “ASA” number.)
ISO numbers typically range from 32 to 3200, with 100 and 400 being common sensitivities. The
HIGHER the number, the MORE sensitive a film is to light.
The HIGHER the ISO number, the larger the grain structure of the film=less detailed image.
The LOWER the ISO number, the smaller the grain structure of the film=more detailed image.

ISO 100

ISO 800

PHOTOGRAPHIC PAPER
-Fiber
Resin Coated “R.C.”
-Graded #'s 1-5
Variable Contrast (Poly-Contrast or Multi-Grade ) 0-5 using FILTERS in the enlarger
Glossy, Semi-Gloss, Matt surfaces
-Warm tone
-Cool tone

These images will appear on the mid-term and final exams. You will be asked to identify the photographer who made each image. Dates and titles will not have to be memorized. You may also use these images as part of your “inspiration” project.

Joseph Nicéphore Niépce
Born: 1765, Chalon-sur-Sa ône, France
Died: 1833
Father was a wealthy lawyer.
How the photographer became interested in photography:
Through experiments with LITHOGRAPHY.
Primary type of photography the artist is known for:
HELIOGRAPHY “sun writing”, first permanent photograph
Also co-invented the first internal combustion engine.
Link: http://www.hrc.utexas.edu/exhibitions/permanent/firstphoto graph/niepce/#top

Joseph Nicéphore Niépce.
View from the Window at Le Gras. ca 1826.
World's first photograph.
THE PROCESS-VIDEO

Louis Daguerre
Born: 1787, Cormeilles, near Paris, France
Died: 1851
How the photographer became interested in photography:
Scene painter for the opera, physicist.
Worked with Niepce on the heliograph.
Primary type of photography the artist is known for:
DAGUERREOTYPE
Link: http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/149699/Louis-
Jacques-Mande-Daguerre

Louis Daguerre. ‘Boulevard du Temple,’ 1839.

William Henry Fox Talbot
Born: 1800, England
Died: 1877
How the photographer became interested in photography:
Not good at sketching.
Primary type of photography the artist is known for:
CALOTYPE (invented developing, fixing, printing)
NOTE: Fox Talbot was also an eminent mathematician, an astronomer and archaeologist, who translated the cuneiform inscriptions from Nineveh.
Link: http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/tlbt/hd_tlbt.htm

William Henry Fox Talbot, Adiantum Capillus-Veneris
(Maidenhair Fern); photogenic drawing negative, probably early 1839, 22.5 x 18.3 cm. (detail)

William Henry Fox Talbot, Horatia at her harp, ca. 1843

William Henry Fox Talbot
The Ladder
Date : 1840/1850

William Henry Fox Talbot, The Open Door, 1844

Nadar
Born: 1820, France
Died: 1910
How the photographer became interested in photography:
From his brother ’s engagement in a photo business.
Primary type of photography the artist is known for: portraits
NOTE: Ringmaster, publicist, and performer in a highly theatrical life, the legendary Nadar wore many hats —those of journalist, bohemian, left-wing agitator, playwright, caricaturist, and aeronaut.
Link: http://www.getty.edu/art/gettyguide/artMakerDetails?maker
=1622

Nadar. Self Portrait. C. 1855
See animated self portrait on website (Artists page)

Nadar. Sarah Bernhardt. circa. 1864