Gene Frequency and Natural
Selection
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Fantastic 5
Morgan Benson, Juan Tellez,
Shelby Wrona, Brianna Valenzula,
Victoria Ramirez
Gene Frequency and
Natural Selection and their
relationship.
Gene
Frequency
The ratio of a particular allele to
the total of all other alleles of the
same gene in a given population.
Another definition is the
proportion of gene to its allele in
an interbreeding population.
Natural
Selection
The process whereby organisms
better adapted to their environment
tend to survive and produce more
offspring. Darwins theory sits as the
best idea of natural selection.
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Relationship
The relationship between gene
frequency and natural selection is
that gene frequency leads to
diverse gene pools where natural
selection occurs. The favorable
genotype will survive and produce
new off springs. The genotype that
is non-favorable to the environment
will die off.
Gene Frequency
Methods
Case 2 and 3
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Case 4
1. Mix 40 black beads and 40 white beads
into one cup.
1. Mix 40 black beads, 40 white beads and 20 red
beads into one cup.
2. Distribute randomly picked pairs into
separate cups.
2. Distribute randomly paired beads into separate
cups and identify/record genotype.
3. Determine phenotype and genotype
and record the data.
3. Sets of pairs include:
4. Remove beads according to these set
of rules: 100% homologous white pairs
removed, 33 % homozygous black pairs
were added.
5. Repeat these steps until you reach the
sixth generation.
6. Calculate the frequency of each
genotype and allele, record frequencies.
Homozygous dominant BB Heterozygous Bw,
Homozygous recessive ww, Mutation RR, Dominant
with mutation RR, Recessive with mutation wR.
4. Mix the new generation then repeat steps until you
reach generation six.
5. Calculate the frequency of genotypes.
Results: Gene frequency
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METHODS: NATURAL SELECTION
•
Each person selected a color that represented our species.
•
•
We got 40 dots and placed them in our plastic cups.
We then placed 20 out of the 40 dots on our environment. (the environment never exceeds over 40
dots for each specie)
•
A predator (person from other group) comes and picks off as many dots of any color for one
minute.
•
We calculated how many of our species was lost, then the amount left in the environment.
•
The surviving you then paired. Those were called the surviving pair.
•
We added back in the offspring, which is the surviving pair times 2.
•
•
The second generation had one predator using to hands.
•
The third generation had two predators using one hand each.
•
The fourth generation had two predators using to hands each.
The fifth generation had a natural disaster and one hand was used to swipe the middle of the
environment.
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RESULTS: NATURAL SELECTION
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Natural Selection Methods
• Environment 1- Gen. 1-3
• Blue background with different colored spots
• Environment 2- Gen 4-6
• Lime green background with different colored dots
• Natural disaster occurs in this environments
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Gene Frequency
vs.
Natural Selection
• Gene Frequency
Survivors Rate (Top)
• Natural Selection
Survivors (Right)
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Conclusion
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Gene Frequency
•
Traits within your genotype and phenotype cannot be predicted because its
chosen at random; therefore, we don’t know how the children are going to
look. They may possess traits from parents or grandparents or even great
grandparents.
Natural Selection
• Natural selection is the gradual process by which biological traits become either
more or less common in a population as a function of the effect of inherited
traits on the differential reproductive success of organisms interacting with their
environment.