Global Impact of Industrialization
Global Impact of Industrialization
• Global Impact of Industrialization
• Moved through Europe and to the US (West)
• More demand for products motivated colonization to gain raw
materials
IMPERIALISM
Global Impact of Industrialization
• Global Impact of Industrialization (cont.)
• Global Inequality
• Industrialized WEST vs. “ALL THE REST”
• Great economic and military inequalities
• Transformation of Society
• Great economic power of EUROPE
• More wealth overall
• Better opportunities for education and democracy
Imperialism
IN WHAT WAYS DO YOU BELIEVE IMPERIALISM CONNECTS TO INDUSTRIALIZATION?
The Age of Imperialism
• The building of empires is an old story in world history as
campaigns to conquer foreign lands has existed since the
beginning of recorded time.
• After the Crimean War, many western Europeans began to
speak of imperialism (a term coined in the 1850’s) as a
necessary, justifiable, and legitimate outgrowth of the Industrial
Revolution.
The Age of Imperialism
Imperialism is a policy of
extending a country's
power and influence
through diplomacy or
military force, or other
means.
The Age of Imperialism
• European industrialization, supplemented by the
growing industrial power of the United States,
would inevitably transform the world economy.
• European merchants ventured forth from the
industrial nations, seeking new markets and raw
materials from all over the world.
The Age of Imperialism
• Pressure to participate in
world commerce
increased everywhere.
• Previously isolated
economies, like China and
Japan, now had to
interact with the West.
The Age of Imperialism
• The West’s
manufacturing
capacity was
revolutionized—
creating pressure to
expand markets for
all the output.
The Age of Imperialism
• Industrialization also prompted the West to acquire
new colonies, particularly in Africa and Asia, and to
intensify its colonial control of places like India.
The Age of Imperialism
• The links in the world
economy were constantly
expanded because of the
Industrial Revolution.
• New, speedier shipping
made the crossing of
oceans a matter of days,
not months.
The Age of Imperialism
• Railroads reached
into the interior of
continents, moved
people, and
transported raw
materials and
finished products.
The Age of Imperialism
• There was more rapid
communication as the telegraph,
and later telephone, transmitted
an unprecedented amount of
information around the globe.
The Age of Imperialism
• The need for
slaves/slave labor
was no longer
necessary. The transAtlantic slave trade was
abolished between
1807-1834, mainly on
British initiative.
The Age of Imperialism
• Cheap labor was easily
found as millions
migrated from the
countryside to urban
areas to fill factory
jobs.
The Age of Imperialism
• Non-industrial countries exported food and raw
materials.
• Europe’s urbanization and growing wealth increased
the market for staples like wheat and beef, and
specialty products like sugar, cocoa, tobacco, tea,
coffee, and cotton.
The Age of Imperialism
• Western transportation and recreational requirements
opened a wide market for rubber, which could only be
produced in tropical areas.
The Age of Imperialism
• Because Europe could produce more and better
goods more cheaply than anyone else following
the IR, there was major competitive
pressure on many countries to keep up or
be swallowed by the West (and most were
swallowed).
The Age of Imperialism
• Because of the IR, Western military
superiority was absolute—the West forced its
way into areas where it had previously been kept
out, especially sub-Saharan Africa and Asia.
• Western powers could go wherever they wanted
because they had iron steamships and better
weapons and others did not.
The Age of Imperialism
• The English poet Hilaire Belloc summed up this
situation aptly when he wrote:
"Whatever happens we have got,
the Maxim gun, and they have not".
Imagine for a moment…
That you are at home engaged in one of your favorite activities;
playing a game, listening to music, or reading. So far the day is as
any other. Then all of the sudden a group of individuals arrive at
your front door demanding that you stop what ever you are doing.
These individuals tell you that your way of life is wrong. They
inform you however that they have come to your house to correct
your way of life. They say it is their responsibility to change your
way of living for the better. You find out that this has happened
not only to you but your neighbors as well. Over time your way of
life does change. These individuals, who you do not even know,
have changed your government, religion, and other cultural
practices, and remember these individuals told you this was for
your own good. What is your reaction?
Let’s refresh our memories…
• What is a colony? Example…
• What is nationalism? Example…
• What occurred during industrialization?
These are all components that will materialize in our discussions of
Imperialism…
Nationalism
• What is nationalism?
• develops in an area that has common customs, language, and history
• the loyalty of a people to their values, traditions, and geography
• Viewed an empire as a measure of national greatness
• “All great nations in their fullness of their strength have desired to set
their mark upon barbarian lands”
How does nationalism cause imperialism?
• People viewed an empire as a measure of national greatness
• “All great nations in their fullness of their strength have desired to set
their mark upon barbarian lands”
Forms of Imperialism
Forms of Imperialism
Colony
Characteristics
Example
A country of region governed Somaliland in East Africa was
internally by a foreign power
a French colony
Protectorate
A country or territory with its
own internal government but
under the control of an
outside power
Britain established a
protectorate over the Niger
River delta
Sphere of Influence
An area in which an outside
power claims exclusive
investment of trading
privileges
Liberia was under the sphere
of influence of the United
States
Economic Imperialism
Independent but less
The Dole Fruit company
developed nations controlled controlled pineapple trade in
by private business interests
Hawaii
rather than by other
governments
Forms of Imperialism
Indirect Control
Direct Control
Local government officials were used
Limited self-rule
Goal: to develop future leaders
Government institutions are based on
European styles but many have local
rules
Foreign officials brought in to rule
No self-rule
Goal: assimilation
Government institutions are based
only on European styles
Examples:
British colonies such as Nigeria, India,
Burma
U.S. colonies on Pacific Islands
Examples:
French colonies such as Somaliland,
Vietnam
German colonies such as Tanganyika
Portuguese colonies such as Angola
Industrialization Imperialism
• INDUSTRIALISM STIRRED AMBITIONS IN MANY EUROPEAN
NATIONS. THEY WANTED MORE RESOURCES TO FUEL THEIR
INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION. THEY COMPETED FOR NEW MARKETS
FOR THEIR GOODS. THEY LOOKED TO AFRICA AND ASIA AS
SOURCES OF THE RAW MATERIALS AND MARKETS FOR CLOTH,
PLOWS, GUNS, AND OTHER INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS.
Imperialism
• Imperialism Defined (again, so you don’t forget-this time with fancy colours)
• The conquering of a country or territory by a stronger nation with the
intent of dominating it politically, economically, socially and culturally
• Central-core of empire is a nation-state
• Ex. Great Britain, France, United States
• Politically?
• Economically?
• Socially?
• Culturally?
“The Sun Never Sets on the British Empire”
Imperialism
• British Imperialism
• British dominated 19th century
imperialism
• Reached it’s height under Queen
Victoria
• Jump start due to early industrialization
• Originally about economics PRIDE
• Glorified imperialism in stories,
newspapers, poetry
• Ex. Kipling’s White Man’s Burden
• Major Rivals:
• France
• Germany
• Belgium
Imperialists’ Perspective
• Cecil Rhodes, shown
standing astride of Africa,
in a cartoon from Punch
magazine; Rhodes had
built the trans-Africa
railway, and is the man
after whom the nation of
Rhodesia was named (now
Zimbabwe). The cartoon is
a play on the old Colossus
of Rhodes, which was one
of the “Seven Wonders of
the Ancient World.”)
“We [the British] happen to be the best in the world, with the highest ideals
of dependency and justice and liberty and peace, and the more of the world
we inhabit, the better it is for humanity.”
Imperialism: Perspective
“Our whole existence has been controlled by
people with an alien attitude to life, people
with different customs and beliefs. They have
determined the form of government, the
types of economic activity, and the schooling
which our children have…A man who tries to
control the life of another does not destroy
the other any less because he does it, as he
thinks, for the other’s benefit. It is the
principle which is wrong, the principle of one
man governing another without his consent.”
-Julius Nyerere of Tanzania
Mercantilism (Old Imperialism)
Mercantilism (Old Imperialism)
What is new imperialism?