Southeast Asia, Africa, and India

Imperialism – the extension of a nation’s power over other lands
Overall main goal was to exploit the resources of the land
“new imperialism” vs. “old imperialism”

Before - more content with trading partnership

Now - total control and domination


Economic motives – new markets and raw materials

Rivalries – source of national power

Social Darwinism and racism

Social Darwinism – survival of the fittest
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Racism – race determines traits and capabilities

Superior races will dominate the inferior races
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Moral Responsibility

“the white man’s burden”

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Indirect rule – local rulers allowed to keep their authority and status in a new colonial setting.

Direct rule – local elites replaced with new imperial officials and rulers.
Overall main goal was to exploit the resources of the land

Country
United States
Colony(ies) Direct or Indirect Rule Example of Rule
Netherlands
Great Britain
France
Mark “direct” or “indirect” on your map using the symbols on the board

Country Colony(ies) Direct or Indirect Rule Example of Rule
United States Philippines
Netherlands Dutch East Indies
Great Britain Singapore, Burma
France Indochina
Direct
Indirect
Direct
Direct (south) and indirect (north)

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


Siam only independent nation
Rivalry between Britain and France
If you were the ruler, what would you do to stay independent?
King Mongkut and King
Chulalongkorn


Promoted western learning
Promoted relationships with both nations

Did not want the colonists to develop their own industries.


Exported materials
Used people as laborers


High taxes
Poor conditions
Good economic system brought to some of the colonies.

Resistance came in three forms
1.
Rule elite class
2.
Peasant revolts (due to harsh plantation conditions)
3.
Urban, westernized, educated middle class


Based on the definition of imperialism, do you agree with this quote? Why or why not?”

America's entire war on terror is an exercise in imperialism.
~ MICHAEL IGNATIEFF, New York Times, Jul. 28, 2002

Indirect rule racism rivalries
Elite Class
Moral responsibility
Direct rule protectorate
Siam
Raw materials
Poor conditions

 imperialism
 racism
 protectorate
 indirect rule
 direct rule
 exploit
 export

Section 2



Divide Africa into 5 regions


West
North



Central
East
South
For each section, students will answer the following




Summarize in one sentence what the importance of the area was.
What motives of imperialism did this reflect?
Direct or indirect rule?
Explain any challenges in the region.

1.
2.
3.
4.
WEST AFRICA
Slave Trade, raw materials, slowly added
Economic motive (raw materials); rivalries
(French/British/German control); Social Darwinism
(Slave trade)
France – Direct rule;
G.B. – Indirect rule
(protectorate)
Tensions with African governments, able to maintain independence; slave trade ended
1.
2.
3.
4.
NORTH AFRICA
Europeans needed access to canals; Ottoman Empire declines
Economic motives (link to trade routes); rivalries (prevent other countries from gaining too much control); moral responsibility (education)
G.B. – Indirect rule (Egypt protectorate); France – Direct rule)
Competition from other countries; resistance from natives

1.
2.
3.
4.
CENTRAL AFRICA
Unexplored and unknown by
European countries, sparking exploration.
Economic (maps, medical remedies; raw materials); rivalries (Belgium); Moral responsibility (missionaries)
Belgium – direct rule difficult and dangerous to explore and access.
1.
2.
3.
4.
EAST AFRICA
Smaller European powers struggling to gain some land.
Rivalries (smaller states;
Berlin Conference);
Economic motives (trade access)
Both
Competition amongst states; no regard given to present
African boundaries.

1.
2.
3.
4.
SOUTH AFRICA
Southern access; rich in resources
Rivalries (British & Boers);
Racism/Social Darwinism
(Boers and British superior to indigenous); economic motives (make fortunes)
Indirect rule – G.B.
Indigenous tribes (Zulus revolted against Boers);
Boer War (Boers revolted against British settlers).
CLOSER – 1/8/13

Which motive was most commonly used to justify imperialism in African?

1.
2.
4.
5.
3.
What is “the white man’s burden”?
What does Kipling’s poem describe? List at least 3 phrases that support this message.
What does Morel’s passage describe? Find 2 examples from the text that support this.
What is each authors’ opinion of imperialism?
Who is the audience of each work? (who would support each authors’ message?)


Britain

France

Germany

Belgium

Section 3


Ruled by the British East
India Company
 sepoys – Indian soldiers hired to protect the company’s interests

Rumors began over new rifle cartridges

Charged with mutiny when refused to use rifles


Revolted but defeated by British troops due to lack of unity

British government took over

Queen Victoria’s “Jewel in the Crown”

Direct rule through a viceroy – a governor who ruled as a representative of a monarch

Helped fuel Indian nationalism


Answer the two “Critical Thinking” questions on pg. 467
Flag of the East India Company, 1800

British Textiles
Cotton crops
School system
Railroad, telegraph, telephone services

British Textiles
Cotton crops
School system
Railroad, telegraph, telephone services
Local industries shut down; women out of work
Food production declined; thousands starved
Elite Indian children taught in preparation for government and military positions
Increased communication and transportation

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
What is the author conflicted about concerning his job?
What convinced the author that there was really an elephant on the loose?
What was the realization about “white man’s dominion in the East”?
What were the authors arguments for and against shooting the elephant?
What did the natives think of the author and other
Europeans?
What were the reactions to his final choice?


How does the story “We Crown Thee King” reflect Indian nationalism at the time?


Indian National Congress – group of Indians in support of Indian rights (particularly in government).

Mohandas Gandhi – Indian lawyer to lead a nonviolent resistance movement for Indian independence.

Rabindranath Tagore – Indian author during the cultural revival and aided the nationalist movement


You and your partner are to pick an event or topic from the given list and create a headline that might appear in an Indian nationalist newspaper.

Headline requirements

Headline and byline

Reflect the ideas of the newspaper it appears in

TOPICS TO CHOOSE FROM EXAMPLE




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Indian Nationals Congress
(pg 469)
Muslim League (pg 469-70)
Gandhi (return or movement)
(pg 470) cultural revival (pg 470-71)
Rabindranath Tagore (pg 471)
Hundreds of Britons Die in Mass
Slaughter
(to appear in a British newspaper)