CS%20100-21-WordProcessing
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Word Processing
Word Processing and the WWW
• Differences
– WWW is dynamic
•
•
•
•
Variable window size
Possibly non-graphical devices
Leave decisions to the browser
Simple implementation when building many browsers
– Word processing is static
• Fixed page size
• Exact layout
• Target is always paper
Word Processing and the WWW
• Similarities
– Text is still text
– Basic styling of headers, bold, italic, tables
• These are inherent in how people communicate with
text
– Similar underlying algorithms and structures
Microsoft Word
Style
Font
Size
Bold, Italic
Underline
Microsoft Word
Justification
Lists
Indentation
Colors
Virtually every word processor has these same features
Word and HTML
Word and HTML
<html xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office"
xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word"
xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40">
<head>
Word and
HTML
<meta http-equiv=Content-Type content="text/html; charset=windows-1252">
<meta name=Originator content="Microsoft Word 9">
<title>This is some new text</title>
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:DocumentProperties>
<o:Author>Dan R. Olsen Jr.</o:Author>
</o:DocumentProperties>
</xml></head>
<body lang=EN-US style='tab-interval:.5in'>
<div class=Section1>
<p class=MsoNormal>This is <b>some</b> new text</p>
</div>
</body>
</html>
HTML
in Word
• Word doesn’t
like JavaScript
very much
Encodings
• HTML
– This is <b>some</b> text
T
h
i
<
b
>
84 104 105 115 32 105 115 32
60
98
62 115 111 109 101 60
0
8
9
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
1
s
2
3
i
4
5
s
6
7
s
o
• Word
m
e
<
/
b
>
47
98
62
t
e
x
t
32 116 101 120 116
Bold
– Use special characters beyond 128 instead of tags
T
h
i
s
i
s
## s
o
m
e
##
t
e
x
t
84 104 105 115 32 105 115 32 220 115 111 109 101 221 32 116 101 120 116
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Bold
Translating Encodings
• Word encodes many more kinds of style
information than HTML
– Paragraph indentation
– Superscript and subscript
– Embedded EXCEL tables
• Saving as HTML
– Re code similar features (bold, underline)
– Simulate the Word feature using HTML features
– Throw away the Word feature
Translating Encodings
• MS Word -> WordPerfect
• WordPerfect -> HTML
• HTML-> MS Word
• Each step may modify or discard some
features
• The end result will rarely be the same
Algorithms for Basic Word
Processing
Type a character
• Delete a character
• Select some characters
• Bold some characters
• Cut / Copy / Paste
Cursor Position
an index into the string
A
s
t
r
i
n
g
65
32 115 116 114 105 110 103
0
1
2
3
4
5
Cursor = 3
Cursor=6
6
7
Typing a Character
A
s
t
r
i
n
g
65
32 115 116 114 105 110 103
0
1
A
2
3
4
5
6
7
s
p
t
r
i
n
Cursor = 3
Key = ‘p’
g
65
32 115 112 116 114 105 110 103
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Cursor=4
Typing a Character
A
s
t
r
i
n
g
65
32 115 116 114 105 110 103
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Cursor = 3
Key = ‘p’
For ( index I starting at Text.length-1 down to Cursor)
{
Text[I+1]=Text[I] }
Text[Cursor] = Key;
Cursor = Cursor+1;
Typing a Character
A
s
t
r
i
n
g
g
65
32 115 116 114 105 110 103 103
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Cursor = 3
Key = ‘p’
I=8
For ( index I starting at Text.length-1 down to Cursor)
{
Text[I+1]=Text[I] } move character up one space
Text[Cursor] = Key;
Cursor = Cursor+1;
Typing a Character
A
s
t
r
i
n
n
g
65
32 115 116 114 105 110 110 103
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Cursor = 3
Key = ‘p’
I=7
For ( index I starting at Text.length-1 down to Cursor)
{
Text[I+1]=Text[I] } move character up one space
Text[Cursor] = Key;
Cursor = Cursor+1;
Typing a Character
A
s
t
r
i
i
n
g
65
32 115 116 114 105 105 110 103
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Cursor = 3
Key = ‘p’
I=6
For ( index I starting at Text.length-1 down to Cursor)
{
Text[I+1]=Text[I] } move character up one space
Text[Cursor] = Key;
Cursor = Cursor+1;
Typing a Character
A
s
t
r
r
i
n
g
65
32 115 116 114 114 105 110 103
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Cursor = 3
Key = ‘p’
I=5
For ( index I starting at Text.length-1 down to Cursor)
{
Text[I+1]=Text[I] } move character up one space
Text[Cursor] = Key;
Cursor = Cursor+1;
Typing a Character
A
s
t
t
r
i
n
g
65
32 115 116 116 114 105 110 103
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Cursor = 3
Key = ‘p’
I=4
For ( index I starting at Text.length-1 down to Cursor)
{
Text[I+1]=Text[I] } move character up one space
Text[Cursor] = Key;
Cursor = Cursor+1;
Typing a Character
A
s
p
t
r
i
n
g
65
32 115 112 116 114 105 110 103
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Cursor = 3
Key = ‘p’
I=3
For ( index I starting at Text.length-1 down to Cursor)
{
Text[I+1]=Text[I] }
Text[Cursor] = Key; add the typed character
Cursor = Cursor+1;
Typing a Character
A
s
p
t
r
i
n
g
65
32 115 112 116 114 105 110 103
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Cursor = 4
Key = ‘p’
I=3
For ( index I starting at Text.length-1 down to Cursor)
{
Text[I+1]=Text[I] }
Text[Cursor] = Key;
Cursor = Cursor+1; move the cursor over
Algorithms for Basic Word
Processing
• Type a character
Delete a character
• Select some characters
• Bold some characters
• Cut / Copy / Paste
Delete a Character
A
s
p
t
r
i
n
g
65
32 115 112 116 114 105 110 103
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Cursor = 4
Key = delete
I=?
For ( index I starting at Cursor+1 up to Text.length-1)
{
Text[I-1]=Text[I] } move a character down one space
Cursor = Cursor-1;
Text[Text.length-1] = “no character”
Delete a Character
A
s
t
t
r
i
n
g
65
32 115 116 116 114 105 110 103
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Cursor = 4
Key = delete
I=3
For ( index I starting at Cursor+1 up to Text.length-1)
{
Text[I-1]=Text[I] } move a character down one space
Cursor = Cursor-1;
Text[Text.length-1] = “no character”
Delete a Character
A
s
t
r
r
i
n
g
65
32 115 116 114 114 105 110 103
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Cursor = 4
Key = delete
I=4
For ( index I starting at Cursor+1 up to Text.length-1)
{
Text[I-1]=Text[I] } move a character down one space
Cursor = Cursor-1;
Text[Text.length-1] = “no character”
Delete a Character
A
s
t
r
i
i
n
g
65
32 115 116 114 105 105 110 103
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Cursor = 4
Key = delete
I=5
For ( index I starting at Cursor+1 up to Text.length-1)
{
Text[I-1]=Text[I] } move a character down one space
Cursor = Cursor-1;
Text[Text.length-1] = “no character”
Delete a Character
A
s
t
r
i
n
n
g
65
32 115 116 114 105 110 110 103
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Cursor = 4
Key = delete
I=6
For ( index I starting at Cursor+1 up to Text.length-1)
{
Text[I-1]=Text[I] } move a character down one space
Cursor = Cursor-1;
Text[Text.length-1] = “no character”
Delete a Character
A
s
t
r
i
n
g
g
65
32 115 116 114 105 110 103 103
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Cursor = 4
Key = delete
I=7
For ( index I starting at Cursor+1 up to Text.length-1)
{
Text[I-1]=Text[I] } move a character down one space
Cursor = Cursor-1;
Text[Text.length-1] = “no character”
Delete a Character
A
s
t
r
i
n
g
g
65
32 115 116 114 105 110 103 103
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Cursor = 3
Key = delete
I=8
For ( index I starting at Cursor+1 up to Text.length-1)
{
Text[I-1]=Text[I] }
Cursor = Cursor-1; move the cursor over
Text[Text.length-1] = “no character”
Delete a Character
A
s
t
r
i
n
g
65
32 115 116 114 105 110 103 ###
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Cursor = 3
Key = delete
I=8
For ( index I starting at Cursor+1 up to Text.length-1)
{
Text[I-1]=Text[I] }
Cursor = Cursor-1;
Text[Text.length-1] = “no character”; blank out last character
A Helpful Function
Function moveChars(Text,Start,End,Distance)
{ if (Distance>0)
{
for (index I from End down
{ Text[I+Distance]=Text[I];}
to Start)
}
Else
{
}
}
for (index I from Start up to
{ Text[I+Distance]=Text[I] }
End)
Typing a Character
A
s
t
r
i
n
g
65
32 115 116 114 105 110 103
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Cursor = 3
Key = ‘p’
moveChars(text,Cursor,text.length-1, 1);
Text[Cursor]=Key;
Cursor=Cursor+1;
Delete a Character
A
s
p
t
r
i
n
g
65
32 115 112 116 114 105 110 103
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
moveChars(text,cursor,text.length-1,-1);
Cursor=Cursor-1;
text[text.length -1]=no character;
Cursor = 4
Key = delete
I=?
Algorithms for Basic Word
Processing
• Type a character
• Delete a character
Select some characters
• Bold some characters
• Cut / Copy / Paste
Selecting Characters
A
s
t
r
i
n
g
65
32 115 116 114 105 110 103
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Start = 2
End = 7
Algorithms for Basic Word
Processing
• Type a character
• Delete a character
• Select some characters
Bold some characters
• Cut / Copy / Paste
Bolding Characters
A
s
t
r
i
n
g
65
32 115 116 114 105 110 103 ### ###
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
moveChars(text,End,text.length-1,2);
moveChars(text,Start,End-1,1);
Text[Start]=code for start bold;
Text[End+1]=code for end bold;
End=End+2;
9
Start = 2
End = 7
Bolding Characters
A
s
t
r
i
n
g
g
65
32 115 116 114 105 110 103 ### 103
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Start = 2
End = 7
moveChars(text,End,text.length-1,2); -> moveChars(text,7,7,2)
moveChars(text,Start,End-1,1);
Text[Start]=code for start bold;
Text[End+1]=code for end bold;
End=End+2;
Bolding Characters
A
s
s
t
r
i
n
g
65
32 115 115 116 114 105 110 ### 103
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Start = 2
End = 7
moveChars(text,End,text.length-1,2);
moveChars(text,Start,End-1,1); -> moveChars(text,2,6,1)
Text[Start]=code for start bold;
Text[End+1]=code for end bold;
End=End+2;
Bolding Characters
A
## s
t
r
i
n
g
65
32 <b> 115 116 114 105 110 ### 103
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
moveChars(text,End,text.length-1,2);
moveChars(text,Start,End-1,1);
Text[Start]=code for start bold;
Text[End+1]=code for end bold;
End=End+2;
9
Start = 2
End = 7
Bolding Characters
A
## s
t
r
i
n
## g
65
32 <b> 115 116 114 105 110 </b> 103
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
moveChars(text,End,text.length-1,2);
moveChars(text,Start,End-1,1);
Text[Start]=code for start bold;
Text[End+1]=code for end bold;
End=End+2;
9
Start = 2
End = 7
Bolding Characters
A
## s
t
r
i
n
## g
65
32 <b> 115 116 114 105 110 </b> 103
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
moveChars(text,End,text.length-1,2);
moveChars(text,Start,End-1,1);
Text[Start]=code for start bold;
Text[End+1]=code for end bold;
End=End+2;
9
Start = 2
End = 9
Algorithms for Basic Word
Processing
• Type a character
• Delete a character
• Select some characters
• Bold some characters
Cut / Copy / Paste
Cut
A
s
t
r
i
n
g
65
32 115 116 114 105 110 103
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Start = 2
End = 7
ClipBoard=
For (each character C with index >= Start and < End)
{
copy C to the ClipBoard }
moveChars(text,End,text.length-1,Start-End);
Set the last (End-Start) characters in the array to “no character”
End=Start;
Cut
A
s
t
r
i
n
g
65
32 115 116 114 105 110 103
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Start = 2
End = 7
ClipBoard=“strin”
For (each character C with index >= Start and < End)
{
copy C to the ClipBoard }
moveChars(text,End,text.length-1,Start-End);
Set the last (End-Start) characters in the array to “no character”
End=Start;
Cut
A
g
t
r
i
n
g
65
32 103 116 114 105 110 103
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Start = 2
End = 7
ClipBoard =“strin”
For (each character C with index >= Start and < End)
{
copy C to the ClipBoard }
moveChars(text,End,text.length-1,Start-End);
Set the last (End-Start) characters in the array to “no character”
End=Start;
Cut
A
g
65
32 103 ### ### ### ### ###
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Start = 2
End = 7
ClipBoard =“strin”
For (each character C with index >= Start and < End)
{
copy C to the ClipBoard }
moveChars(text,End,text.length-1,Start-End);
Set the last (End-Start) characters in the array to “no character”
End=Start;
Cut
A
g
65
32 103 ### ### ### ### ###
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Start = 2
End = 2
ClipBoard =“strin”
For (each character C with index >= Start and < End)
{
copy C to the ClipBoard }
moveChars(text,End,text.length-1,Start-End);
Set the last (End-Start) characters in the array to “no character”
End=Start;
Copy
A
s
t
r
i
n
g
65
32 115 116 114 105 110 103
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Start = 2
End = 7
ClipBoard =“strin”
For (each character C with index >= Start and < End)
{
copy C to the ClipBoard }
Paste
65
32 115
Start = 2
End = 2
0
1
ClipBoard =“strin”
A
s
2
moveChars(text,End,text.length-1, ClipBoard.length);
Copy the characters from ClipBoard into the array at index Start
Paste
A
g
g
65
32 103 ### ### ### ### 103
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Start = 2
End = 2
ClipBoard =“strin”
moveChars(text,End,text.length-1, ClipBoard.length);
Copy the characters from ClipBoard into the array at index Start
Paste
A
s
t
r
i
n
g
65
32 115 116 114 105 110 103
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Start = 2
End = 2
ClipBoard =“strin”
moveChars(text,End,text.length-1, ClipBoard.length);
Copy the characters from ClipBoard into the array at index Start
Review
• Other encodings besides <b></b>
• Translating between encodings can modify or lose
information
• Text is just an array
–
–
–
–
–
–
Typing a character - move characters right
Deleting a character - move characters left
Selecting - Start and End are array indices
Cut - copy to clip board and move characters left
Copy - copy to clip board
Paste - move characters right and copy from clip board
