Soran University
Biology Module Specification
1. Module Title: Plant Anatomy
2. Module Code:
3. Module Level: Bachelor - Second year
4. Module Leader: Shorish M. Gorony
5. Teaching Semester: Second
6. Credit Rating for the module: 3
7. Prerequisites and co-requisites: Botany
8. Module Summary:
Plant anatomy, or the developmental and comparative study of
plant cells, tissues, and organs, is a botanical discipline with a long
tradition. The course will include a description of major cell and tissue
types, and their organization in roots, stems, and leaves. Plant structure in
relation to tissue formation and development with particular reference to
the angiosperms. Cell, tissue and organ differentiation will be discussed.
Phenotypic variation in response to environmental influences will also be
covered.
9. Module Aims
The primary objective of the course is to gain an understanding of
the internal structure of vascular plants. The emphasis will be on the
angiosperms (flowering plants) but consideration of certain features of
gymnosperms and lower vascular plants will be made where appropriate
for comparison. Further objectives are to discuss the functional
significance of plant structure as much as possible. Because complete
interpretation of plant function, classification, ecology, etc. depends on a
good basic understanding of plant structure, plant anatomy is important to
all areas of botany.
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10. Learning Outcomes
Upon completion of the course, you will be able to:
1. Understand the hierarchy of plant structure by learning the basic
features of plant cells, tissues, and organs.
2. Differentiate between the basic systematic groups of vascular
plants: ferns and fern allies, gymnosperms, and angiosperms.
3. Relate function of an organ to structure
4. To instill in students an appreciation for the complexity of tissue
organization that exists within plant bodies that allow plants to
develop and live as integrated organisms in diverse environments.
5. Describe organization of tissues and cells in each plant organ and
how it responds to changes in the environment.
6. Interpret the basic pattern of plant growth from different kinds of
meristems and understand the relationships between primary
growth and secondary growth.
7. Understand how plant morphology relates to plant reproduction.
8. Plant morphological and anatomical defense mechanisms.
11. Syllabus
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Introduction
The cell wall and Pits
Living and Non-Living components of plant cell
Plant tissues (Meristimatic tissue)
1st Midterm EXM
Permanent tissue
Tissue: Parenchyma and Collenchyma
Tissue: Sclerenchyma
Tissue: Xylem and Phloem
2nd Midterm EXM
Root (Secondary growth of root)
Stem (Secondary growth of stem)
Leaf (Secondary growth of Leaf)
Secretory Cells and Tissues
3rd Midterm EXM
12. Assessment Strategy
There are two parts to this course, the lecture and the laboratory.
The lecture will provide an opportunity to discuss conceptual information
in the text, and current topics in the subject. The laboratory will provide
hands-on opportunities in structured labs and in independent
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investigations. Both will count significantly to student’s final grade.
13. Summary description of assessment
Assessment
Type
Theory
EXM
3 Midterm
EXM
Final EXM
Practical
EXM
2 Midterm
EXM
Description of Item
-Exam questions will be multiple
choice, matching, and short essay.
Some questions will ask you to
complete a diagram. Some short
essay questions may be synthetic,
meaning that you will be
presented with a situation that we
have not discussed in class and
must reason to a conclusion using
what you have learned. Material
for exams will be taken from
lecture, and sometimes outside
reading assignments.
Exam questions will be short
answer questions such as;
identification of slides, definition
of some topics (materials)…..etc.
Final EXM
GWK+ PRS
Quizzes + Tutorial + Lab activity
%
Weighting
65 %
Grading
Tariff
Excellent: ≥ 90
3 Onehour EXM
25 %
Very Good:80-89%
40 %
2 Hours
Good: 70-79 %
Medium: 60-69 %
30 %
Fair: 50-59 %
10 %
1 Hour
20 %
1 Hour
5%
14. Learning Session Structure:
1 x 2 h lectures, 1 x 2 h practical sessions, and 1x 1h tutorial per
week in 12 weeks.
15. Scheme of Work:
Week
Delivery
Method
Content
1
Lecture
Introduction to the Class
-Course book description.
-Plant cell
Practical
No Lab
Learning
Materials
ppt
Learning
Outcomes
- Botany Review
3
2
Lecture
-The cell wall
-Pits
3
Practical
Lecture
-Cell wall
-Living and Non-Living
components of plant cell
4
Practical
Lecture
ppt
-Anatomical description of cell
wall and Pits.
-Structure and composition of cell
wall.
-Function of cell wall and its role
in plant morphology.
ppt
-Anatomy of each particle of cell
component.
-Function of each cell organelle
-Working mechanism of cell
organelle.
ppt
-Characteristics of Meristematic
cells.
-Type of Meristimatic cell
division.
- Classification of meristems.
ppt
-Characteristics of Permanent
tissues.
-Classification
of
Permanent
tissues.
-Understanding dermal tissues and
epidermis.
ppt
-Characteristics of Parenchyma
and Collenchyma tissue.
-Origin of Parenchyma and
Collenchyma tissue.
-Functions of Parenchyma and
Collenchyma tissue.
-Types of Parenchyma and
Collenchyma tissue.
-Characteristics of Sclerenchyma
tissue.
-Origin of Sclerenchyma and
Fibers tissue.
-Functions of Sclerenchyma tissue.
-Types of Sclerenchyma and
Fibers tissue.
-Pit and Primary pits fields
-Plant tissues
-Meristematic tissues
-Root and Shoot apex
5
Practical
Lecture
1stMidterm
EXM
-Living components of plant
cell
-Permanent tissue
-Structural development and
differentiation.
-Epidermis
Practical
-Non –Living Components of
plant cell
6
Lecture
-Tissue: Parenchyma
-Tissue: Collenchyma
tissue
-Permanent tissue
7
Practical
1st EXM
Lecture
- Tissue: Sclerenchyma
- Fibers
ppt
- Sclereids
8
Practical
Lecture
Practical
-Parenchyma and
Collenchyma tissues.
-Tissue: Xylem
-Tissue: Phloem
- Sclerenchyma tissue.
ppt
-Anatomical structure of Xylem
and Phloem tissue.
-Definition of Xylem and Phloem
tissue.
- Shapes of Xylem and Phloem
tissue.
4
9
Lecture
2nd
Midterm
EXM
Practical
- Root
ppt
- Internal structure of root.
- Root system types.
- Root function.
- Primary and secondary growth
of root.
ppt
- Vascular bundle types
- Primary and secondary growth
of stem.
-Leaf traces and leaf gaps
(nodal anatomy).
-The stele concept.
ppt
- Leaf arrangement
(Phyllotaxy).
- Leaf form.
- Leaf anatomy.
- Leaf development.
- Leaf abscission.
- Connections between structure
and function of leaf.
ppt
- Origin of Secretory Cells and
Tissues.
- Classification of Secretory
Cells and Tissues.
- Water Stomata (Hydathodes).
- External or Dermal glands.
- Internal or Globular glands.
- Tubular Secretory canals.
Secondary growth of root (the
structure and growth of root).
10
Lecture
- Vascular system (Xylem and
Phloem).
- Stem
Secondary growth of stem (the
structure and growth of stem)
11
Practical
Lecture
-Root anatomy
- Leaf
Overall leaf morphology
Practical
2nd EXM
12
Lecture
3rd
Midterm
EXM
Practical
-Stem anatomy
- Secretory Cells and
Tissues
-Lesf anatomy
16. Bibliography
1. D.F. Culter, C.E.J. Botha, D.W. Stevenson 2007. PLANT ANATOMY (An
Applied Approach). First edition.
2. E. R. Franklin 2006. ESAU’S PLANT ANATOMY (Meristems, Cells, and
Tissues of the Plant Body). Third edition.
3. W. Ch. Stevens. PLANT ANATOMY. Fourth edition.
4. William C. Dickison, 2000. Integrative plant anatomy.
17. Authored by
Shorish M. Gorony
18. Validated and Verified by
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