3.4.4 The Breathing System in the Human
3.4.7.H Carbon Dioxide: A Controlling Factor in
Gaseous Exchange
Follow-Me – iQuiz
Q. What is the average breathing rate at rest?
16 bpm
72 bpm
At the back of the throat;
Top of oesophagus
Exchange gases
FALSE
TRUE
Produce sound
Pulmonary artery
Between ribs
Impulse from brain; Muscles
contract; Thorax volume
increases; Pressure decreases
Pulmonary vein
Carbon dioxide
Air inhaled
Raises rate
Controlled release of energy
from food, within the cells of
an organism
Increases; Decreases
Sweating; Breathing out
water vapour; Urination
Decreases; Increases
Keep trachea open;
Protection of trachea
Thin walls; Moist surfaces;
Surrounded by capillaries; Large
surface area; Expandable
Diaphragm; Intercostal
Observe; Count; Repeat;
Average; Record
Trachea
Diffusion
Prevent food going down
'the wrong way'
Trap dirt and bacteria and
sweep them upwards to the
glottis
CONGRATULATIONS
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Q. What is the function of the larynx?
16 bpm
72 bpm
At the back of the throat;
Top of oesophagus
Exchange gases
FALSE
TRUE
Produce sound
Pulmonary artery
Between ribs
Impulse from brain; Muscles
contract; Thorax volume
increases; Pressure decreases
Pulmonary vein
Carbon dioxide
Air inhaled
Raises rate
Controlled release of energy
from food, within the cells of
an organism
Increases; Decreases
Sweating; Breathing out
water vapour; Urination
Decreases; Increases
Keep trachea open;
Protection of trachea
Thin walls; Moist surfaces;
Surrounded by capillaries; Large
surface area; Expandable
Diaphragm; Intercostal
Observe; Count; Repeat;
Average; Record
Trachea
Diffusion
Prevent food going down
'the wrong way'
Trap dirt and bacteria and
sweep them upwards to the
glottis
CONGRATULATIONS
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Q. Name the blood vessel that returns blood rich in oxygen to
the heart.
16 bpm
72 bpm
At the back of the throat;
Top of oesophagus
Exchange gases
FALSE
TRUE
Produce sound
Pulmonary artery
Between ribs
Impulse from brain; Muscles
contract; Thorax volume
increases; Pressure decreases
Pulmonary vein
Carbon dioxide
Air inhaled
Raises rate
Controlled release of energy
from food, within the cells of
an organism
Increases; Decreases
Sweating; Breathing out
water vapour; Urination
Decreases; Increases
Keep trachea open;
Protection of trachea
Thin walls; Moist surfaces;
Surrounded by capillaries; Large
surface area; Expandable
Diaphragm; Intercostal
Observe; Count; Repeat;
Average; Record
Trachea
Diffusion
Prevent food going down
'the wrong way'
Trap dirt and bacteria and
sweep them upwards to the
glottis
CONGRATULATIONS
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Q. State a possible effect of smoking on the breathing resting
rate.
16 bpm
72 bpm
At the back of the throat;
Top of oesophagus
Exchange gases
FALSE
TRUE
Produce sound
Pulmonary artery
Between ribs
Impulse from brain; Muscles
contract; Thorax volume
increases; Pressure decreases
Pulmonary vein
Carbon dioxide
Air inhaled
Raises rate
Controlled release of energy
from food, within the cells of
an organism
Increases; Decreases
Sweating; Breathing out
water vapour; Urination
Decreases; Increases
Keep trachea open;
Protection of trachea
Thin walls; Moist surfaces;
Surrounded by capillaries; Large
surface area; Expandable
Diaphragm; Intercostal
Observe; Count; Repeat;
Average; Record
Trachea
Diffusion
Prevent food going down
'the wrong way'
Trap dirt and bacteria and
sweep them upwards to the
glottis
CONGRATULATIONS
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Q. Where is the epiglottis?
16 bpm
72 bpm
At the back of the throat;
Top of oesophagus
Exchange gases
FALSE
TRUE
Produce sound
Pulmonary artery
Between ribs
Impulse from brain; Muscles
contract; Thorax volume
increases; Pressure decreases
Pulmonary vein
Carbon dioxide
Air inhaled
Raises rate
Controlled release of energy
from food, within the cells of
an organism
Increases; Decreases
Sweating; Breathing out
water vapour; Urination
Decreases; Increases
Keep trachea open;
Protection of trachea
Thin walls; Moist surfaces;
Surrounded by capillaries; Large
surface area; Expandable
Diaphragm; Intercostal
Observe; Count; Repeat;
Average; Record
Trachea
Diffusion
Prevent food going down
'the wrong way'
Trap dirt and bacteria and
sweep them upwards to the
glottis
CONGRATULATIONS
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Q. Name the muscles that are used in breathing.
16 bpm
72 bpm
At the back of the throat;
Top of oesophagus
Exchange gases
FALSE
TRUE
Produce sound
Pulmonary artery
Between ribs
Impulse from brain; Muscles
contract; Thorax volume
increases; Pressure decreases
Pulmonary vein
Carbon dioxide
Air inhaled
Raises rate
Controlled release of energy
from food, within the cells of
an organism
Increases; Decreases
Sweating; Breathing out
water vapour; Urination
Decreases; Increases
Keep trachea open;
Protection of trachea
Thin walls; Moist surfaces;
Surrounded by capillaries; Large
surface area; Expandable
Diaphragm; Intercostal
Observe; Count; Repeat;
Average; Record
Trachea
Diffusion
Prevent food going down
'the wrong way'
Trap dirt and bacteria and
sweep them upwards to the
glottis
CONGRATULATIONS
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Q. True or False. Humans receive oxygen from the air they
inhale.
16 bpm
72 bpm
At the back of the throat;
Top of oesophagus
Exchange gases
FALSE
TRUE
Produce sound
Pulmonary artery
Between ribs
Impulse from brain; Muscles
contract; Thorax volume
increases; Pressure decreases
Pulmonary vein
Carbon dioxide
Air inhaled
Raises rate
Controlled release of energy
from food, within the cells of
an organism
Increases; Decreases
Sweating; Breathing out
water vapour; Urination
Decreases; Increases
Keep trachea open;
Protection of trachea
Thin walls; Moist surfaces;
Surrounded by capillaries; Large
surface area; Expandable
Diaphragm; Intercostal
Observe; Count; Repeat;
Average; Record
Trachea
Diffusion
Prevent food going down
'the wrong way'
Trap dirt and bacteria and
sweep them upwards to the
glottis
CONGRATULATIONS
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Q. What is the role of alveoli in the lungs?
16 bpm
72 bpm
At the back of the throat;
Top of oesophagus
Exchange gases
FALSE
TRUE
Produce sound
Pulmonary artery
Between ribs
Impulse from brain; Muscles
contract; Thorax volume
increases; Pressure decreases
Pulmonary vein
Carbon dioxide
Air inhaled
Raises rate
Controlled release of energy
from food, within the cells of
an organism
Increases; Decreases
Sweating; Breathing out
water vapour; Urination
Decreases; Increases
Keep trachea open;
Protection of trachea
Thin walls; Moist surfaces;
Surrounded by capillaries; Large
surface area; Expandable
Diaphragm; Intercostal
Observe; Count; Repeat;
Average; Record
Trachea
Diffusion
Prevent food going down
'the wrong way'
Trap dirt and bacteria and
sweep them upwards to the
glottis
CONGRATULATIONS
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Q. State the location in the human body of the intercostal
muscles.
16 bpm
72 bpm
At the back of the throat;
Top of oesophagus
Exchange gases
FALSE
TRUE
Produce sound
Pulmonary artery
Between ribs
Impulse from brain; Muscles
contract; Thorax volume
increases; Pressure decreases
Pulmonary vein
Carbon dioxide
Air inhaled
Raises rate
Controlled release of energy
from food, within the cells of
an organism
Increases; Decreases
Sweating; Breathing out
water vapour; Urination
Decreases; Increases
Keep trachea open;
Protection of trachea
Thin walls; Moist surfaces;
Surrounded by capillaries; Large
surface area; Expandable
Diaphragm; Intercostal
Observe; Count; Repeat;
Average; Record
Trachea
Diffusion
Prevent food going down
'the wrong way'
Trap dirt and bacteria and
sweep them upwards to the
glottis
CONGRATULATIONS
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Q. Give one way in which water is lost from the body.
16 bpm
72 bpm
At the back of the throat;
Top of oesophagus
Exchange gases
FALSE
TRUE
Produce sound
Pulmonary artery
Between ribs
Impulse from brain; Muscles
contract; Thorax volume
increases; Pressure decreases
Pulmonary vein
Carbon dioxide
Air inhaled
Raises rate
Controlled release of energy
from food, within the cells of
an organism
Increases; Decreases
Sweating; Breathing out
water vapour; Urination
Decreases; Increases
Keep trachea open;
Protection of trachea
Thin walls; Moist surfaces;
Surrounded by capillaries; Large
surface area; Expandable
Diaphragm; Intercostal
Observe; Count; Repeat;
Average; Record
Trachea
Diffusion
Prevent food going down
'the wrong way'
Trap dirt and bacteria and
sweep them upwards to the
glottis
CONGRATULATIONS
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Q. Give one feature of the alveoli that allows efficient exchange
of gases.
16 bpm
72 bpm
At the back of the throat;
Top of oesophagus
Exchange gases
FALSE
TRUE
Produce sound
Pulmonary artery
Between ribs
Impulse from brain; Muscles
contract; Thorax volume
increases; Pressure decreases
Pulmonary vein
Carbon dioxide
Air inhaled
Raises rate
Controlled release of energy
from food, within the cells of
an organism
Increases; Decreases
Sweating; Breathing out
water vapour; Urination
Decreases; Increases
Keep trachea open;
Protection of trachea
Thin walls; Moist surfaces;
Surrounded by capillaries; Large
surface area; Expandable
Diaphragm; Intercostal
Observe; Count; Repeat;
Average; Record
Trachea
Diffusion
Prevent food going down
'the wrong way'
Trap dirt and bacteria and
sweep them upwards to the
glottis
CONGRATULATIONS
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for the Next Question
Q. What is the function of cilia in the breathing system?
16 bpm
72 bpm
At the back of the throat;
Top of oesophagus
Exchange gases
FALSE
TRUE
Produce sound
Pulmonary artery
Between ribs
Impulse from brain; Muscles
contract; Thorax volume
increases; Pressure decreases
Pulmonary vein
Carbon dioxide
Air inhaled
Raises rate
Controlled release of energy
from food, within the cells of
an organism
Increases; Decreases
Sweating; Breathing out
water vapour; Urination
Decreases; Increases
Keep trachea open;
Protection of trachea
Thin walls; Moist surfaces;
Surrounded by capillaries; Large
surface area; Expandable
Diaphragm; Intercostal
Observe; Count; Repeat;
Average; Record
Trachea
Diffusion
Prevent food going down
'the wrong way'
Trap dirt and bacteria and
sweep them upwards to the
glottis
CONGRATULATIONS
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for the Next Question
Q. Name the main gas transported in the pulmonary artery.
16 bpm
72 bpm
At the back of the throat;
Top of oesophagus
Exchange gases
FALSE
TRUE
Produce sound
Pulmonary artery
Between ribs
Impulse from brain; Muscles
contract; Thorax volume
increases; Pressure decreases
Pulmonary vein
Carbon dioxide
Air inhaled
Raises rate
Controlled release of energy
from food, within the cells of
an organism
Increases; Decreases
Sweating; Breathing out
water vapour; Urination
Decreases; Increases
Keep trachea open;
Protection of trachea
Thin walls; Moist surfaces;
Surrounded by capillaries; Large
surface area; Expandable
Diaphragm; Intercostal
Observe; Count; Repeat;
Average; Record
Trachea
Diffusion
Prevent food going down
'the wrong way'
Trap dirt and bacteria and
sweep them upwards to the
glottis
CONGRATULATIONS
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for the Next Question
Q. Name the process involved in the passage of gas between the
alveolus and the blood.
16 bpm
72 bpm
At the back of the throat;
Top of oesophagus
Exchange gases
FALSE
TRUE
Produce sound
Pulmonary artery
Between ribs
Impulse from brain; Muscles
contract; Thorax volume
increases; Pressure decreases
Pulmonary vein
Carbon dioxide
Air inhaled
Raises rate
Controlled release of energy
from food, within the cells of
an organism
Increases; Decreases
Sweating; Breathing out
water vapour; Urination
Decreases; Increases
Keep trachea open;
Protection of trachea
Thin walls; Moist surfaces;
Surrounded by capillaries; Large
surface area; Expandable
Diaphragm; Intercostal
Observe; Count; Repeat;
Average; Record
Trachea
Diffusion
Prevent food going down
'the wrong way'
Trap dirt and bacteria and
sweep them upwards to the
glottis
CONGRATULATIONS
Please CLICK on
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for the Next Question
Q. What is the function of the epiglottis?
16 bpm
72 bpm
At the back of the throat;
Top of oesophagus
Exchange gases
FALSE
TRUE
Produce sound
Pulmonary artery
Between ribs
Impulse from brain; Muscles
contract; Thorax volume
increases; Pressure decreases
Pulmonary vein
Carbon dioxide
Air inhaled
Raises rate
Controlled release of energy
from food, within the cells of
an organism
Increases; Decreases
Sweating; Breathing out
water vapour; Urination
Decreases; Increases
Keep trachea open;
Protection of trachea
Thin walls; Moist surfaces;
Surrounded by capillaries; Large
surface area; Expandable
Diaphragm; Intercostal
Observe; Count; Repeat;
Average; Record
Trachea
Diffusion
Prevent food going down
'the wrong way'
Trap dirt and bacteria and
sweep them upwards to the
glottis
CONGRATULATIONS
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for the Next Question
Q. How did you measure the breathing resting rate?
16 bpm
72 bpm
At the back of the throat;
Top of oesophagus
Exchange gases
FALSE
TRUE
Produce sound
Pulmonary artery
Between ribs
Impulse from brain; Muscles
contract; Thorax volume
increases; Pressure decreases
Pulmonary vein
Carbon dioxide
Air inhaled
Raises rate
Controlled release of energy
from food, within the cells of
an organism
Increases; Decreases
Sweating; Breathing out
water vapour; Urination
Decreases; Increases
Keep trachea open;
Protection of trachea
Thin walls; Moist surfaces;
Surrounded by capillaries; Large
surface area; Expandable
Diaphragm; Intercostal
Observe; Count; Repeat;
Average; Record
Trachea
Diffusion
Prevent food going down
'the wrong way'
Trap dirt and bacteria and
sweep them upwards to the
glottis
CONGRATULATIONS
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for the Next Question
Q. True or False. Humans receive nitrogen from the air they
inhale for protein manufacture.
16 bpm
72 bpm
At the back of the throat;
Top of oesophagus
Exchange gases
FALSE
TRUE
Produce sound
Pulmonary artery
Between ribs
Impulse from brain; Muscles
contract; Thorax volume
increases; Pressure decreases
Pulmonary vein
Carbon dioxide
Air inhaled
Raises rate
Controlled release of energy
from food, within the cells of
an organism
Increases; Decreases
Sweating; Breathing out
water vapour; Urination
Decreases; Increases
Keep trachea open;
Protection of trachea
Thin walls; Moist surfaces;
Surrounded by capillaries; Large
surface area; Expandable
Diaphragm; Intercostal
Observe; Count; Repeat;
Average; Record
Trachea
Diffusion
Prevent food going down
'the wrong way'
Trap dirt and bacteria and
sweep them upwards to the
glottis
CONGRATULATIONS
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Q. The trachea contains rings of cartilage. Suggest a function of
this cartilage.
16 bpm
72 bpm
At the back of the throat;
Top of oesophagus
Exchange gases
FALSE
TRUE
Produce sound
Pulmonary artery
Between ribs
Impulse from brain; Muscles
contract; Thorax volume
increases; Pressure decreases
Pulmonary vein
Carbon dioxide
Air inhaled
Raises rate
Controlled release of energy
from food, within the cells of
an organism
Increases; Decreases
Sweating; Breathing out
water vapour; Urination
Decreases; Increases
Keep trachea open;
Protection of trachea
Thin walls; Moist surfaces;
Surrounded by capillaries; Large
surface area; Expandable
Diaphragm; Intercostal
Observe; Count; Repeat;
Average; Record
Trachea
Diffusion
Prevent food going down
'the wrong way'
Trap dirt and bacteria and
sweep them upwards to the
glottis
CONGRATULATIONS
Please CLICK on
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for the Next Question
Q. When the diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract the
volume of the thorax … and the pressure …
16 bpm
72 bpm
At the back of the throat;
Top of oesophagus
Exchange gases
FALSE
TRUE
Produce sound
Pulmonary artery
Between ribs
Impulse from brain; Muscles
contract; Thorax volume
increases; Pressure decreases
Pulmonary vein
Carbon dioxide
Air inhaled
Raises rate
Controlled release of energy
from food, within the cells of
an organism
Increases; Decreases
Sweating; Breathing out
water vapour; Urination
Decreases; Increases
Keep trachea open;
Protection of trachea
Thin walls; Moist surfaces;
Surrounded by capillaries; Large
surface area; Expandable
Diaphragm; Intercostal
Observe; Count; Repeat;
Average; Record
Trachea
Diffusion
Prevent food going down
'the wrong way'
Trap dirt and bacteria and
sweep them upwards to the
glottis
CONGRATULATIONS
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Q. Breathing rate in humans is controlled by the concentration of
what gas dissolved in the blood?
16 bpm
72 bpm
At the back of the throat;
Top of oesophagus
Exchange gases
FALSE
TRUE
Produce sound
Pulmonary artery
Between ribs
Impulse from brain; Muscles
contract; Thorax volume
increases; Pressure decreases
Pulmonary vein
Carbon dioxide
Air inhaled
Raises rate
Controlled release of energy
from food, within the cells of
an organism
Increases; Decreases
Sweating; Breathing out
water vapour; Urination
Decreases; Increases
Keep trachea open;
Protection of trachea
Thin walls; Moist surfaces;
Surrounded by capillaries; Large
surface area; Expandable
Diaphragm; Intercostal
Observe; Count; Repeat;
Average; Record
Trachea
Diffusion
Prevent food going down
'the wrong way'
Trap dirt and bacteria and
sweep them upwards to the
glottis
CONGRATULATIONS
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Q. Outline the steps involved in inhalation.
16 bpm
72 bpm
At the back of the throat;
Top of oesophagus
Exchange gases
FALSE
TRUE
Produce sound
Pulmonary artery
Between ribs
Impulse from brain; Muscles
contract; Thorax volume
increases; Pressure decreases
Pulmonary vein
Carbon dioxide
Air inhaled
Raises rate
Controlled release of energy
from food, within the cells of
an organism
Increases; Decreases
Sweating; Breathing out
water vapour; Urination
Decreases; Increases
Keep trachea open;
Protection of trachea
Thin walls; Moist surfaces;
Surrounded by capillaries; Large
surface area; Expandable
Diaphragm; Intercostal
Observe; Count; Repeat;
Average; Record
Trachea
Diffusion
Prevent food going down
'the wrong way'
Trap dirt and bacteria and
sweep them upwards to the
glottis
CONGRATULATIONS
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Q. What is respiration?
16 bpm
72 bpm
At the back of the throat;
Top of oesophagus
Exchange gases
FALSE
TRUE
Produce sound
Pulmonary artery
Between ribs
Impulse from brain; Muscles
contract; Thorax volume
increases; Pressure decreases
Pulmonary vein
Carbon dioxide
Air inhaled
Raises rate
Controlled release of energy
from food, within the cells of
an organism
Increases; Decreases
Sweating; Breathing out
water vapour; Urination
Decreases; Increases
Keep trachea open;
Protection of trachea
Thin walls; Moist surfaces;
Surrounded by capillaries; Large
surface area; Expandable
Diaphragm; Intercostal
Observe; Count; Repeat;
Average; Record
Trachea
Diffusion
Prevent food going down
'the wrong way'
Trap dirt and bacteria and
sweep them upwards to the
glottis
CONGRATULATIONS
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for the Next Question
Q. When the diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax the
volume of the thorax … and the pressure …
16 bpm
72 bpm
At the back of the throat;
Top of oesophagus
Exchange gases
FALSE
TRUE
Produce sound
Pulmonary artery
Between ribs
Impulse from brain; Muscles
contract; Thorax volume
increases; Pressure decreases
Pulmonary vein
Carbon dioxide
Air inhaled
Raises rate
Controlled release of energy
from food, within the cells of
an organism
Increases; Decreases
Sweating; Breathing out
water vapour; Urination
Decreases; Increases
Keep trachea open;
Protection of trachea
Thin walls; Moist surfaces;
Surrounded by capillaries; Large
surface area; Expandable
Diaphragm; Intercostal
Observe; Count; Repeat;
Average; Record
Trachea
Diffusion
Prevent food going down
'the wrong way'
Trap dirt and bacteria and
sweep them upwards to the
glottis
CONGRATULATIONS
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for the Next Question
Q. Where do cilia occur in the breathing system?
16 bpm
72 bpm
At the back of the throat;
Top of oesophagus
Exchange gases
FALSE
TRUE
Produce sound
Pulmonary artery
Between ribs
Impulse from brain; Muscles
contract; Thorax volume
increases; Pressure decreases
Pulmonary vein
Carbon dioxide
Air inhaled
Raises rate
Controlled release of energy
from food, within the cells of
an organism
Increases; Decreases
Sweating; Breathing out
water vapour; Urination
Decreases; Increases
Keep trachea open;
Protection of trachea
Thin walls; Moist surfaces;
Surrounded by capillaries; Large
surface area; Expandable
Diaphragm; Intercostal
Observe; Count; Repeat;
Average; Record
Trachea
Diffusion
Prevent food going down
'the wrong way'
Trap dirt and bacteria and
sweep them upwards to the
glottis
CONGRATULATIONS
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