Functions of the Cell
 Basic unit of life
 Protection and support
 Movement
 Communication
 Cell Metabolism and energy release
 Inheritance
Cell Structure
 Organelles: “little organs” within the cells that carry
out the basic functions.
 Organelles lie in the cytoplasm of the cell, which is
located between the cell membrane and the nucleus.
Cell Membrane
 Cell/Plasma Membrane: Is the outermost
component of the cell, which functions as a barrier
between the extracellular substance (outside) and
the intracellular substance (inside)
Make up of the Cell Membrane
 Fluid Mosaic Model: Model used to show the
structure and function of the cell membrane
 Structure of the cell membrane:
 Phospholipids (double Layered)


Hydrophilic head
Hydrophobic tail
 Proteins
 Membrane Channels
 Carrier Molecules
 Receptor Molecules
Nucleus
 All cell have a nucleus at some point in their life
 Nucleus: Stores hereditary information in DNA. Also
site where RNA is copied from DNA.
Nucleus
 Parts of the Nucleus
 1.) Nuclear Envelope- double membrane, outer most
layer
 2.) Chromatin/Chromosomes- located inside nuclear
envelope.
 3.) Nuclear pores- Openings in the nuclear envelope,
responsible for allowing RNA to pass through.
 4.) Nucleolus- Place where ribosomes are made.
Ribosomes
 Ribosomes: Organelles where proteins are
produced and synthesized
Rough and Smooth
Endoplasmic Reticulum
 Endoplasmic Reticulum:
Transport system; canals and
channels that connect
membrane to nucleus and to
organelles within the cell
 Rough ER: Contains
ribosomes (manufactures
proteins)
 Smooth ER: lacks
ribosomes (Lipid synthesis)
Golgi Apparatus
 Golgi Apparatus: Collects, modifies, packages, and
distributes proteins and lipids produced by the ER.
Mitochondria
 Mitochondria: “Power house”, Major site where
adenosine triphosphate (ATP) “energy” is produced.
 Do you think your muscle cells have a lot or a little
mitochondria?
Lysosomes
 Lysosomes: “Waste Management”, Contains
enzymes that digest proteins, carbohydrates, lipids,
DNA, RNA, old organelles, and viruses that get into
the cell.
Cytoskeleton
 Cytoskeleton- is a network of long protein strands
that give a cell its shape and size.
 Two major components that make up the
cytoskeleton
 1.) Microfilaments
 2.) Microtubules
 Microfilaments- Threads of protein called actin.
 Microtubules-Hollow tubes extend outwards from
nucleus.
 When a cell divides, bundles of microtubules come
together to form spindle fibers, which aid in moving
chromosomes
Cillia, Flagella, and Microvilli
 Structure: Cillia, microvilli and Flagella
 Function: Movement through cell environment.
 Cilia- Short tiny hair like structures.
 Flagella- Long hair like structures
 Microvilli- Increase surface area
Label This Cell