Define Line
• A mark drawn with a pointed, moving tool
• An element of art used to define shape,
contours, and outlines.: also to suggest mass
and volume. It may be a continuous mark
made on a surface with a pointed tool or
implied by the edges of shapes and forms.
Art Test Chapter 5
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http://quizlet.com/16793766/art-test-chapter-5-flash-cards/
Types of Lines
•
Implied Lines - a series of points that the viewer's eyes automatically connect.
•
Outline - a line that shows or creates the outer edges of a shape
•
Contour Line - defines the edges and surface ridges of an object
•
Static – inactive
•
Crosshatching - the technique of using crossed lines for shading
•
Gesture - an expressive movement
•
Calligraphy - beautiful handwriting
•
Dimension - the amount of space an object takes up in one direction.
5 Kinds of Lines
• Vertical - straight up and down; don't move
• Horizontal - parallel to the horizon; don't slant
• Diagonal - slant; looks as if they are either rising or
falling.
• Curved - change direction gradually; spirals or circles
• Zig Zag - combination of diagonal lines; form angles
5 Types of Line Variations
•
•
•
•
Length – Lines can be long or short.
Width – Lines can be thick or thin.
Texture – Lines can be rough or smooth.
Direction – Lines can move in any direction,
such as vertical, horizontal, or diagonal.
• Degree Of Curve – Lines can curve gradually
or not at all, become wavy, or form spirals.
Value
• the art element that describes the darkness or lightness of an
object.
• Categories of Values:
• Tint – is adding white to a color paint to create lighter values such
as light blue or pink.
• Shade – is adding black to a paint color to create dark values such as
dark blue or dark red.
• High-Key – is a picture with all light values.
• Low-Key - is a picture with all dark values.
• Value Contrast – is the light value placed next to dark values to
create contrast or strong differences.
• Value Scale – is a scale that shows the gradual change in value from
its lightest value, (white) to its darkest value (black).
Categories of Space
• Positive Space – Similar to a positive shape, It is
the actual sculpture or building.
• Negative Space – Similar to a negative shape, it is
the shape around the sculpture or the building.
• Picture Plane – is the flat surface of your drawing
paper or canvas.
• Composition – is the organization and placement
of the elements on you picture plane.
• Focal Point – is the object or area you want the
view to look at first.
Foreground, Middleground,
and Background
• The foreground, middleground,
and background in a composition are generally
divided into three planes.
• The foreground of a composition is the visual
plane that appears closest to the viewer, while
the background is the plane in a composition
perceived furthest from the viewer. The
middleground is the visual plane located between
both the foreground and background.
Elements of Art
We are now going to spend a little bit of time reviewing
the elements of art.
Knowing these terms will help you to understand art
elements in the future as you create your art pieces.
1. Form
2. Line
3. Shape
4. Color
5. Texture
6. Space
7. Value
Vocabulary term: Form
Form is threedimensional and
encloses volume. Cubes,
spheres, and cylinders
are examples of various
forms.
Vocabulary term: Line
The continuous mark made
on some surface by a moving
point. It may be two
dimensional, like a pencil
mark on a paper or it may be
three dimensional (wire) or
implied (the edge of a shape
or form) often it is an outline,
a contour or a silhouette.
Vocabulary term: Shape
Shape is simply an
enclosed space defined
by other elements of
art. Shapes may take on
the appearance of two
dimensional or three
dimensional objects.
Vocabulary term: Color
Color has three properties:
• Hue or the name of the
color, e.g. red, yellow.
• Intensity or the purity and
strength of the color such
as brightness or dullness.
• Value or the lightness or
darkness of the color.
Vocabulary term: Texture
Texture refers to the
surface quality or "feel"
of an object. Roughness,
smoothness, or softness.
Actual texture can be felt
while simulated textures
are implied by the way
the artist renders areas
of the picture as in this
pencil drawn
“texturecise”.
Vocabulary term: Space
Space refers to the
distance or area
between, around,
above or within
things. It can be a
description for both
2 and 3 dimensional
objects.
Vocabulary term: Value
Value describes
the lightness or
darkness of a
color. Value is
needed to
express volume.
Elements of Art Recap
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Form
Line
Shape
Color
Texture
Space
Value
You just learned what the basic building blocks
of art are. Remember, these are referred to as
the elements – now on to the next section…
the principles of art.
Principles of Art
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Emphasis
Balance
Harmony
Variety
Movement
Rhythm
Proportion/scale
Unity
Art principle: Emphasis
Emphasis in a
composition refers
to developing points
of interest to pull
the viewer's eye to
important parts of
the body of the
work.
Art principle: Balance
Balance is a sense of
stability in the body
of work. Balance can
be created by
repeating same
shapes and by
creating a feeling of
equal weight.
Art principle: Harmony
Harmony is achieved in
a body of work by
using similar elements
throughout the work,
harmony gives your
composition an
“uncomplicated” look.
Art principle: Variety
Variety refers to the
differences in the
work. You can achieve
variety by using
differences in shapes,
textures, colors and
values in your work.
Art principle: Movement
Movement adds
excitement to your
work by showing
action and directing
the viewers eye
throughout the
picture plane.
Art principle: Rhythm
Rhythm is a type
of movement in a
composition. It is
seen in repeating
of shapes and
colors. Alternating
lights and darks
also give a sense
of rhythm.
Art principle: Proportion/scale
Proportion or scale
refers to the
relationships of the size
of objects in a body of
work. Proportions give a
sense of size seen as a
relationship of objects
such as smallness or
largeness.
Monumental scale
Art principle: Unity
Unity is seen in a
composition when all
the parts equal a
whole. Your work
should not appear
disjointed or confusing.
Principles of Art Recap
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Emphasis
Balance
Harmony
Variety
Movement
Rhythm
Proportion/scale
Unity
If you clearly understand both the
elements and the principles of art and
apply them to your work, you will see
that the composition improves.