I.
Energy:
a. Energy is stored in the _____________________ of molecules.
b. All energy comes directly from the ___________________.
c. Energy is released by _________________________ and _______________ the released energy.
d. The two key processes for converting energy captured by the ______________ are:
i. __________________________
ii. ___________________________
iii. Name the process or molecule for each arrow or shape
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e. Two forms of energy:
i. ___________________________________: is the energy of motion.
ii. ___________________________________: is energy stored in an object, such as water trapped
behind a dam.
f. Draw the structure of ATP, be sure to identify the following components:
i. Adenine
ii. Ribose
iii. Phosphate groups
g. Energy is released from ATP by _____________________________ to produce _______.
h. Energy is stored in the ________________________bonds in ATP.
II.
Pigment:
a. The function of a pigment is to __________________________________________.
b. The three pigments found in a plant are :
i. __________________________________ (the primary pigment)
ii. __________________________________
iii. __________________________________
c. Explain why leaves change color in the fall.
III.
Wavelength of Light:
a. Visible light/white light is a form of ________________ energy
b. Short wavelengths have ___________________ energy
c. Long wavelengths have _____________________ energy
d. The “energy packets” that make up visible light are called ________________
IV.
Photosynthesis:
a. _________+ ____________ + _______________
______________+ ______________
b. Chloroplasts:
i. Thylakoid: contains ________________ and is the site of the _____________ reactions
ii. Stroma: the site of the _____________ reactions
V.
c. The Light Reaction/Photo reactions:
i. The light reaction (photo reaction) happens in the ________________ of the chloroplast. A
__________________ of light energy hits _____________ and an electron becomes
_________________ and is captured by __________________________ molecule. It is then
passed to a _____________________________ which sends it to the next stage without losing
any energy. Once the _______________ energy electron reaches
______________________________, a little bit of energy is released and the ________ pumps
move H+ ion from an area of _______________ concentration to an area of ____________
concentration. As H+ move through the ___________________ enzyme, _________ is produced.
In this process, water is split. As water is split, __________ energy electron replaces the
electrons lost in the ________________ molecule. As a byproduct of water splitting,
________________ is created and released to the atmosphere.
The second photosystem is called the _________________ producing photosystem. In this part
of the process, the low energy electron replaces the electrons lost. A ___________________ of
light excites an electron and passed to _____________ to make a _______________ molecule,
which is a high-energy electron carrier.
The _____________ and ________________ high energy molecules are used in the dark
reactions of photosynthesis.
d. The Dark Reaction/ Calvin Cycle/ Synthesis reactions:
The Calvin cycle take place in the ____________________ of the chloroplast. The reason this reaction is
called the “synthesis” reaction is because, one molecule of ____________________ is produced as a
result of this reaction. The first part of the reaction is called __________________________, in which
the enzyme ____________ attached one carbon atom from _______________________ gas and the 5carbon molecule called _______________. Through a series of reactions in which a phosphate from
___________ and __________________________ electrons from _______________ a three carbon
molecule called ____________ is formed. Two _______________ molecules combine to form
___________________. There are 5 remaining 3-carbon molecules which are ___________________
to form _____________ to start the process over.
Cellular respiration:
a. The process in which energy found in the _________________________ of ___________ molecules are
captured in the form of ____________________.
b. The inputs :
i. _________________________
ii. _________________________
c. Outputs:
i. _________________________
ii. _________________________
iii. _________________________
d. The three stages of cellular respiration and the NET energy totals for each stage:
i. _________________________
Net energy ____________
ii. __________________________
Net energy ____________
iii. __________________________
Net energy _____________
e. Glycolysis: takes place in the _________________________ of the cell.
i. Glycolysis is the splitting of ______________ . The inputs required for glycolysis are
________________ molecule(s) and ______________ molecule(s), which will yield
_________________, _____________________, and ___________________. This gives an
overall; net gain of __ ATP.
ii. When oxygen is NOT present the process of ___________________________ takes place. The
products of _________________________ can be either ______________________ or
_________________________.
iii. Draw a diagram of glycolysis: Be sure to show all input and output products, as well an
intermediate molecules.
f.
Kreb’s Cycle:
i. _________________________ is converted into _____________________ by completing the
following steps:
1. _____________ is broken off to produce _________________
2. ___________________ is broken down and electrons are passed to ______________ to
produce ______________
3. _________________ enzyme attaches to ____ carbon molecule to produce
______________.
This molecule is ready to enter the Kreb’s cycle.
ii. Once the ______________________ molecule is converted into ________________, it enters
into the Kreb’s cycle. The acetyl-CoA molecule binds with the 4-carbon molecule
_________________ to form a 6-carbon molecule called ________________________.
Through a series of steps , ___ CO2, ____ NADH and ___ FADH2 are formed with ONE turn of the
Kreb’s cycle.
1. CO2 is released into ________________ as a waste product.
2. NADH and FADH2 are sent to the ___________________________ for the production of
_____.
g. Electron Transport Chain:
i. Same basic process discussed in photosynthesis.