The Crises of Morocco
and the Balkans
• Agenda:
• Moroccan Crises
• Algeciras
• Agadir
• Balkan Crises
• Bosnia
• 1st Balkan War
• 2nd Balkan War
Moroccan Crises: France, Britain,
Germany
1st Moroccan Crisis 1905-06
French establishing control: Police Banks
German test of new Entente Cordiale
Kaiser lands at Tangier
Speech for Independent Sultanate of
Morocco
Demands:
Conference
Resignation of Delcassé
Björko Agreement 1905: Russia/Germany - Failed
Short Lived German Success
Algeçiras Conference - 1906
Overwhelming German Failure
French have 9 nations support
Germany only has Austria/Morocco
Results of the treaty:
French/Spanish: Police
French: Banks
Germany: Equal trading
rights
Second Moroccan Crisis - 1911
1911 Riots in Fez - French put them down
German Foreign Minister
Kinderlen-Wachter
French violating Algeçiras (1906)
Sends the Panther to Agadir
French ready to negotiate
No Russian support
David Lloyd George:
Chancellor of the Exchequer
"Not be treated where her
interests were vitally affected as if
she were of no account"
Results:
British Prevent German from success
French establish Protectorate
(Secret Agreement in Entente Cordiale)
German get land in French Congo
3 Balkan Crises:
Bosnia Crisis
First Balkan War
Second Balkan War
Lead up:
South Slav Movement in Austria
Want an independent state –
Serbia
Serbian/Bosnians –
Eastern Orthodox
Croats/Slovenians –
Roman Catholic
Bosnia Crisis 1908-1909
Young Turks revolt - Take over Ottoman Empire
Establish Parliament Install seats for Bosnia/Bulgaria
Bulgaria and Crete win independence from OE
Meanwhile.... In Buchlau:
Russia agrees to Austrian annexation of
Bosnia
Austria agrees to help Russian warships
through Bosporous/Dardanelles
Austria annexes Bosnia/Herzegovina
Austria does not help Russia in the Straits
Russia moves toward French/English Ententes
First Balkan War: 1912
1911-1912 - Italy invades Libya
Embarrasses Ottoman Empire
Bulgaria sees an Opportunity
Marches down Balkan
Peninsula
Knocking on Constantinople
Armistice with Turkey
1913 - Treaty of London
Albania Set up
Turks give up Balkans except
Bosporous/Dardanelles
Great Power Issues of the First Balkan War
Austria: Fears strong Serbia, which occupies part of
Albania
Wants to make independent Albania
Russia: Opposes independent Albania - Serbian
Interests
Concerned about the fall of Constantinople
Austrian Troops mobilized
to Russian Border
Alliance System: Germany
ready to back Austria
Activate alliances
British will back France/Russia
"Not remain neutral in conflict"
Second Balkan Crisis - July 1913
Bulgaria feels cheated - Begins marching west
Bulgaria Defeated
Serbia threatened - Greece, Romania, and
Ottoman Empire
Treaty of Bucharest 1913Treaty of Constantinople - 1913
Increased
territory of
Serbia, Greece,
Romania
Ottoman Empire
takes land back
from Bulgaria
Second Balkan Crisis Results
Austria is the big loser
Serbia emerges stronger
has the backing of other Balkan nations