DOCUMENT #:
GSC13-PLEN-16
FOR:
Presentation
SOURCE:
ARIB (Kudoh Consulting Co. Ltd.)
AGENDA ITEM:
GSC13 6.7
CONTACT(S):
kudohy@js2.so-net.ne.jp
Development of ITS Radio
communication in Japan
to realize the integrated ITS On Board Unit (OBU)
and to support the road vehicle cooperative system
Submission Date:
July 1, 2008
Highlight of Current Activities (1)
• Current status of ITS radio services in Japan.
– VICS (Vehicle Information and Communication System)
The number of VICS on-board devices sold in Japan reached 20.4
million units as of Dec. 2007.
– Car navigation systems
Over 29.4 million units of car navigation systems have been sold as
of Dec. 2007.
– ETC (Electronic Toll Collection)
The total number of ETC set-up issued on-board units (OBU) reached
23.2 million as of May 2008.
– Telematics
Toyota Motor’s “G-Book,” Honda Motor’s “InterNavi Premium Club”
and Nissan Motor’s “Carwings.”
– Terrestrial digital TV broadcasting
One segment of terrestrial digital TV broadcasting (ISDB-T), Around
30 million mobile phones accommodate one-segment receiver.
2
Highlight of Current Activities (2)
• Activities related to ITS radio communication, in particular DSRC
(Dedicated short-range communication).
– Development of standards for DSRC multiple applications
Application Sub Layer to extend the function of the existing DSRC
to support multiple applications, and
DSRC basic application interface to extend non-networks
application in vehicles.(Developed in ARIB)
– Development of Integrated ITS OBU
Multiple ITS applications supported by a single OBU.
Applications: Charge settlement (at Tollbooth, Gas station, Parking
area), Navigation, Information provision, Access control, etc.
(Standard specification published by Japan Electronics and
Information Technology Industries Association)
– Research and development for road vehicle cooperative
system for safety and environment, Field Operational Test (FOT) in
late 2008 FY.
3
Strategic Direction (1)
• Realize DSRC multiple applications
– Objective: EFC as the key application to introduce ITS services in
vehicles, other applications should be supported.
– Standards: Available
– Observation 1 : Renewal of the exiting OBU by the next generation
OBU is needed, though considerable number of ITS applications can
be supported by the existing OBU.
(Over 23 million ETC units are installed in vehicles as of May 2008)
– Observation 2 : Except for ETC, DSRC market is not mature.
Market development for profitable DSRC services is needed.
– Direction : ETC usage already reduces CO2 emissions
considerably at toll plazas.Information provision system utilizing the
OBU will contribute to the issues of environment and safety in urban
area. (In Tokyo metropolitan area, most of the private vehicles and
commercial vehicles are equipped with ETC)
4
Strategic Direction (2)
• Develop integrated ITS OBU
– Objective: A variety of applications should be supported by a single
OBU primarily based on DSRC but integrating navigation system
utilizing VICS media (IR beacon, FM broadcast, 2.4GHz microwave,
GPS).
– Standard specification: Available
– Observation 1 : Except for FM broadcast and GPS (Navigation
system), dedicated road-side infrastructures are needed.
– Observation 2 : Market is not mature
– Direction: Integration of ubiquitous media such as cellular radio and
GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) with DSRC will be
necessary in the future.
5
Challenges
• Develop road vehicle cooperative system
– Challenge: Support the IT Strategic Headquarters’ challenge,
“Reducing the number of traffic accident fatalities to fewer than 5,000
by the end of 2012.”
Achieve the world's safest road transportation through cooperative
vehicle safety support systems.
– Requirements: Critical communication media (Highly reliable and
low latency, i.e. DSRC) is required.
Public-private sector cooperation is indispensable for deploying
infrastructure.
– Issues: Many issues to be solved.
- Efficient use of frequency, Suitable frequency band, etc.
- Diffusion vs. effect
- Standardization, Legal liability, Privacy, Business strategy, etc.
– FOT (Field Operational Test): FOT planed in late FY2008
6
Next Steps/Actions
• Road vehicle cooperative system
– Support the national challenge on environment and safety from
the radio communications’ standpoint.
• Integrated ITS OBU
– Research the integration of wide-area technologies such as
Global Navigation Satellite Systems and Cellular
Communications Networks without relying on dedicated roadside infrastructure.
EETS (European Electronic Toll Service） under development
might be a good example
7
Supplemental Slides
8
Contents
▪ Growth of the number of car navigation systems and VICS on-board devices
▪ ETC in Japan
▪ DSRC Multiple Applications
▪ Integrated ITS On Board Unit
▪ ITS-Safety 2010 (National project)
▪ Vehicle safety system under development
▪ Proposed Vehicle safety spectrum
▪ ITS radiocommunication Standardization in Japan
▪ Standards related to DSRC
▪ Technical Specifications of DSRC in Japan
▪ Outline of VICS
▪ Digital terrestrial broadcasting system in Japan
9
Number of car navigation systems sold
Source: Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism
10
Number of VICS on-board devices sold
Source: Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism
11
ETC in Japan
• Service Providers: Six expressway companies and local toll road
operators (around 20)
• Number of toll plazas: 1,360 as of the end of June 2008 (3,370 toll
lanes), plus more than 90 newly introduced Smart Interchanges (ETC
dedicated simplified gates)
• Number of OBU (On Board Unit): 23.2 million* as of the end of
May 2008
*Total of Set-up issued Vehicles
12
Expressway in Japan
Honshu-Shikoku Bridge
Expressway Company
Metropolitan
Expressway Company
Hanshin
Expressway Company
West Nippon
Expressway Company
Six expressway companies
and local toll road operators (around 20)
Central Nippon
Expressway Company
East Nippon
Expressway Company
13
Features of Japanese ETC
(1) Nation-wide interoperable
system.
(2) 5.8GHz-band active DSRC
system to enable flexible zone
forming and highly reliable
communication in the zone.
(3) "Two-piece" On Board
Equipment composed of an
OBU (On board unit) and an IC
card for future functional
extension.
(4) Highly secure system to
prevent fraudulent use.
14
Growth of the number of ETC
20
Number of Set-up issued OBUs: 23.2 million as of end-May 2008
Average ETC utilization ratio: Over 70% since October 2007
16
14
Number of set-up issued OBU
(million units)
12
10
250
Lowest price
(US$)
8
200
６
150
4
100
2
50
0
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
15
DSRC Multiple Applications
Car Ferry Fare
Automatic
Check-in & Settlement
Information Providing
(High-speed driving)
Parking
Management
Gas
Station
Gas Pumping Stand
Information Support System
Settlements System
Information Station
at Convenience Store
Settlements System
Electronic
Advertisements
Information Providing
(Stationary)
Private Store,
Parking Garage, etc.
Convenience Store
DSRC
Applications
Zone
Tolling
Drive Through Shopping
Settlements System
Drive Through
Driver Support
Logistics
Management
Trucks & Trailers
Logistics
Management
System
Taxies
Management
System
16
Concept of application Sub Layer (ASL)
Network
Non-Network
Existing
application
application
application
Application Sub
Layer (DSRC-ASL)
ASL
Developed in ARIB,
Japan (ARIB STD-T88)
for easy deployment of
multi application for the
existing DSRC.
Application
ASL utilizes multi
functional service
offered by DSRC Layer
7 for client / server type
communication control.
TCP/IP or local port
Sub-Layer
DSRC
Service
of DSRC
Existing
DSRC
17
DSRC basic application interface
• Applying DSRC to other services, especially non-networks
applications in vehicles, such as charge payment settlement
using IC card and information providing services to high speed
vehicles has been requested.
• DSRC Basic Application Interface placed between Local Port
Control Protocol of Application Sub Layer and Non-Network
Applications, controls the resources of On Board Equipment
in vehicles from Road Side Equipment.
• DSRC Basic Application Interface provides following functions.
(a) OBE Indications / Response. (b) OBE Memory Access.
(c) IC Card Access. (d) Push Type Information Delivery.
(e) OBE ID Communication. (f) OBE Basic Indication.
18
Multiple Application in OBU
Existing Applications
Network APPs
Non-Network APPs
DSRC basic APP IF
Security PF
Application Layer (L7)
LAN Control Protocol
DSRC
(Layer 3 to 6)
Data link Layer (L2)
Physical layer (L1)
Local Port Control
Protocol
PPP Control Protocol
ASL
Communication Control
DSRC Service
DSRC
19
Protocol configuration of integrated
ITS OBU (an example)
IC Card
IC Card
Interface
HMI
OBE　ID
OBE
OBE
OBE
CommuniBasic
Indication cation
Memory
Indication
Response
Access
SPF
SPF
E
T
C
Navigation unit
DSRC unit
OBU
Memory
PUSH
OBE
OBE
OBE
PUSH
OBE
IC Card
Type
IC Card Indication Memory
Basic
Type
ID
Access
Info.
Access Response Access
Info.
Communi- Indication
Delivery
Delivery SPF
cation
SPF
SPF
SPF
Cooperative
system
protocol
Display
Application
Local Port Protocol
(LPP)
LAN
Control
Protocol
Local Port Control Protocol
(LPCP)
Cooperative
system
protocol
PPP
Control
Protocol
ASL Extended
Link Control Protocol
AID
AID
AID=18
AID=14
DSRC Protocol
L7, L2, L1
Communi
-cation
device
Communi
-cation
device
Identification by AID
SPF: Security Platform
Interface: Undefined
20
Multiple ITS applications supported by a
single OBU
Charge settlement
Gas station
Information provision
Tollbooth
Entrance/Exit
management
En-route
DSRC beacon
Parking area
Parking area
Gas station
Speaker
Common antenna
Car navigation
・In-vehicle monitor
OBU
Source: HIDO (Highway Industry Development Organization)
21
Smartway 2007 Demo (14-17, October)
Metropolitan Expressway
Source: HIDO (Highway Industry Development Organization)
22
ITS-Safety 2010: Public-Private
Co-operations
New IT Reform Strategy
World’s safest
Road traffic environment
IT Strategic Head Quarters,
Cabinet Secretariat
Cooperation
Contribution for deployment
J-Safety Committee, ITS Japan
Harmonization between
Private-Public Sectors
January, 2006
Exchange
Opinion
ITS Promotion Council
Proposal
Harmonization between
Private-Public Sectors
Ministries and Agency, Organizations, Academia
New IT Reform Strategy: Achieve the world's safest road transportation through cooperative
vehicle safety support systems. ITS-Safety 2010: National project for its implementation.
23
ITS-Safety 2010: Organization
ITS Promotion Council
Cabinet
Secretariat
NPA
Road Bureau, MLIT
Working Group
Toyota, Nissan,
Honda, Mazda
Field Operations Test WG
ITS Japan
Road Transport Bureau,
MLIT
MIC
J-Safety Committee
15 Companies and 6 ITS
Organizations
Steering Committee
Toyota, Nissan, Honda, Hitachi, Oki, NEC
Advantageous Effect
Evaluation SC
Prevalence Promotion
SC
Chair: Fukushima,
Nissan
Chair: Amano,
Toyota
International Relationship
and Architecture SC
SC: Sub Committee
Chair: Oyama,
Hitachi
METI
Japan Business
Federation
NPA : National Police Agency
MLIT: Ministry of Land,
Infrastructure, Transport and
Tourism
MIC: Ministry of Internal Affairs and
Communications
METI: Ministry of Economy, Trade
and Industry
24
ITS-Safety 2010: Roadmap
2005
2006
ETC
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
* IT New Reform Strategy
5.8GHz DSRC
DSRC Private-Public Joint Research (Road Bureau, MLIT)
Private Applications, etc.
AHS (Road Bureau, MLIT)
5.8GHz V-IComm.
ASV (Road Transport Bureau, MLIT)
5.8GHz　V-V Comm., etc.
DSSS(NPA)
NEW
research
Infrared
Start Nation-wide
Deployment
5.8GHz VICS、DSRC
Large Scale Verification
Testing on Public Roads
ITS-Safety
2010
700MHz V-V Comm.
79GHz Short Range Radar
25
Vehicle safety system under development
Overview
• Vehicle-to-Vehicle communications system
and Road-to-Vehicle communications system
• Millimeter wave radar system to sense the
distance between vehicles or vehicle and
obstacles.
Proposed Frequency band
• UHF band for vehicle to vehicle
communications
• 5.8GHz band for road to vehicle
communications
• 78-81GHz for millimeter wave radar
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and
Communications
26
Proposed Vehicle safety spectrum
(Telecommunications Council Report)
From July 25, 2011
GB 10 GB
MHZ
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications
27
ITS radiocommunication Standardization
in Japan
ISO TC204
ITU-R
ASTAP
ITS National
Committee
(JSAE)
(JSAE: Society of
Automotive
Engineers of Japan)
ITS Standards
(DSRC, TPEG etc.)
Information and
Telecommunications
Technology Council
(MIC)
ASTAP: Asia-Pacific
Telecommunity
Standardisation
Programme
(MIC: Ministry of
Internal Affairs and
Communications)
ARIB
(Association of
Radio Industries
and Businesses)
ITS Standards
(DSRC, TPEG etc.)
Technical
Committee
ITS Info-communications Forum
28
Standards related to DSRC
ARIB Standards:
•
•
•
•
•
ARIB STD-T75: Dedicated Short-Range Communication System.
ARIB TR-T16: Dedicated Short-Range Communication System. Test
Items and Conditions for Mobile Station Compatibility Confirmation.
ARIB STD-T88: Application Sub Layer for DSRC.
ARIB TR-T17: Dedicated Short-Range Communication System. Test
Items and Conditions for Compatibility Confirmation for Mobile Station
using Application Sub Layer for DSRC.
ITS FORUM RC004: Dedicated Short-Range Communication System.
Guideline for a DSRC basic application interface.
International standards:
•
•
ITU-R M.1453-2: Intelligent transport systems - Dedicated short range
communications at 5.8 GHz. (Revised in June 2005 reflecting ARIB STDT75 and ARIB STD-T88 standards)
ISO 15628: Intelligent transport systems - Dedicated Short-Range
Communication (DSRC) - DSRC application layer (Feb. 2007)
29
Technical Specifications of DSRC in Japan
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications
30
VICS (vehicle information and
communication system)
Outline of VICS
31
Digital terrestrial broadcasting system
Services and usage of ISDB-T/TSB transmission signals
ISDB-T
Sound
/ Data
HDTV
Sound
/ Data
Segment
ISDB-TSB
SDTV
(Mobile
receptio
n)
SDTV
(Fixed
receptio
n)
Sound
/ Data
Sound Sound
/ Data / Data
1 OFDM segment
Spectrum
5.6 MHz
DTTB
Digit
al Terrestrial
Television
Broadcasting
DSB
Digit
5.6 MHz
430 kHz 1.29 MHz
Partial reception
DTTB receiver
DSB receiver
(Full band vehicular receiver)
(Pedestrian and vehicular
receiver)
al Sound
Broadcasting
32