Supplementary Information
to the paper “Effect of a chelating agent on the physicochemical properties of TiO 2:
Characterization and photocatalytic activity” authored by Hayat Khan and Dimitrios Berk
a
a = anatase
a
a
a
Intensity (a.u.)
a
a
a
pH = 1.8
pH = 2.3
pH = 3.5
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Position (2ϴ)
Figure S1. X-ray diffraction patterns of TiO2 powder calcined at 400oC, the catalyst were
prepared at different pH values using nitric acid as an acid catalyst.
80
a
Intensity (a.u.)
a = anatase
r = rutile
a
a
a a
a
r
r
a
a
a
r
r
TW15
TW10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Position (2θ)
Figure S2. X-ray diffraction patters of TiO2 powder calcined at 600oC, the catalyst samples were
prepared under the influence of increase in the molar ratio of water - TW10 and TW15.
O
H
C
BuO
O
OBu
OBu
Ti
O
Ti
BuO
H
OBu
O
OBu
BuO
C
OBu
H
Ti
O
C
O
OBu
Ti
OBu
OBu
O
Schematic I
H
C
O
H
C
BuO
O
O
OBu
OBu
Ti
Ti
OBu
BuO
Schematic II
O
O
OBu
C
H
Figure S3. Proposed monodentate chelation of formate ligands with titanium precursor
(schematic – I) and bidentate bridging linkage of formate ligand with titanium precursor
(schematic –II).
0.2
1
(i)
0.1
R2 = 0.9887
(ii)
R2 = 0.9885
0.5
0
0
lnα
lnα
-0.1
-0.2
-0.5
-1
-0.3
-1.5
-0.4
-0.5
3.2
3.25
3.3
hʋ
3.35
3.4
-2
2.84
2.86
2.88
2.9
2.92
2.94
2.96
hʋ
2.5
1
(iii)
R2
= 0.9864
R2 = 0.9806
0.5
2
0
-0.5
lnα
lnα
1.5
1
-1
-1.5
-2
0.5
-2.5
0
3.15
-3
3.2
3.25
hʋ
3.3
3.35
2.8
2.85
2.9
hʋ
o
2.95
3
Figure S4. Urbach energy curves for the selected samples; (i) TFA1 at 400 C (ii) TFA1 at700oC,
(iii) TW5 at 400oC and (iv) TW5 at 700oC, respectively.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Figure S5. SAED patterns of the synthesized samples, TFA1 calcined at 400 (a), 600 (b) and
700oC (c); TFA0 calcined at 700oC (d).
1
TFA1
0 min
10 min
0.9
Absorption (a.u.)
20 min
0.8
0.7
30 min
40 min
50 min
60 min
C/Co
0.6
0.5
300
400
500
600
Wavelenght (nm)
700
800
0.4
Degussa P25 (MO)
0.3
Degussa P25 (MB)
TFA1 (MO)
0.2
TFA1 (MB)
TFA0 (MO)
0.1
TFA0 (MB)
0
0
10
20
30
Time (min)
40
50
60
Figure S6. Photocatalytic activity of catalyst samples TFA1 and TFA0 calcined at 600oC and
Degussa P25 for the degradation of mixture of methyl orange and methylene blue, (insert) UVvis spectra of mixture of methyl orange and methylene blue.