Chapter 3 Grammar
VERBS
What Do I Need to Learn From this
Lesson?





How endings are used with verbs in Latin
How to find the stem of a verb – the part endings are
added to….
How to identify which person or thing ‘is’ or is doing
an action
Be aware of ‘which’ person is meant by 1st, 2nd, or 3rd
person.
Recognize the importance of subject-verb agreement
in understanding Latin (and English)
What Do You Know - Endings in
Latin

What do you know about endings in Latin?

What are they used for?

What types of things do they tell us?
Which Person are We Talking
About?


1st person – the person speaking (I, we)
2nd person – the person spoken to (you, you)
(or in ‘southern speak’, the plural of you is y’all)

3rd person – the person or thing spoken about
singular – he, she or it plural - they
Verbs

What are the 2 things that verbs show us?
Puellae bonae laborant. Terra est dura.



How do we define the predicate?
The verb can be the entire predicate or there
can be other parts included, such as a direct
object.
Verbs also tell us the time (or tense) something
is done. Right now, we are learning the
present tense.
Finding the STEM of the verb




4 principal parts of a verb
Amo, amāre, amāvi, amātus
1st principal part is = 1st person singular,
present tense
2nd principal part = infinitive

Remove the –re from the end of the infinitive to
get the stem of the verb. Amā is the stem of the
verb which means love or like.
Latin – Endings Used to Show Person
SINGULAR
PLURAL
I
-ō
we
you
-s
you
-tis
they
-nt
he, she,
it
-t
-mus
*Adding all of these endings to a verb is called
conjugating the verb.
How to Conjugate the Verb that
Means ‘Love’ or ‘Like’
Endings are added to the ‘stem’ of the verb
SINGULAR
PLURAL
amō
amamus
amas
amatis
amat
amant
*Read Latin words straight down the left column, then the right one!
SINGULAR
PLURAL
I like
amō
we like
amamus
you like
amas
you like
amatis
amat
they like
amant
he,she,
or it likes
EXAMPLES





Puellae insulam amant.
Familiam amamus.
Agricola puellam portat.
Laboro.
Silvam spectatis.
How Do We Find the ‘Stem’ of the
Verb




Look at the verbs in Lesson III
What is the first word? What does it tell us?
(Look at Verb Personal Endings Chart)
What is the 2nd ‘form’ of the word? This is the
infinitive form of the verb.
We use the 2nd word in the book to get the stem to
which we add endings (except 1st person
singular). To get the stem, drop the –re ending
from the 2nd form of the verb. Add the endings to
that stem to get the chart shown in the previous
slide.
Things to Think About….

Subject-Verb Agreement


Use of pronouns – English vs Latin



Puellae bonae laborant. Puella bona laborat.
Tell an English ‘story’ – subject named 1 time
Latin-same thing but where do you find pronouns?
Subject not always ‘named’.


Carefully read sentence – look for subject where?
Equum spectamus. Puellae equum spectant.
Did I Learn This From Today’s
Lesson?





How endings are used with verbs in Latin
How to find the stem of a verb – the part endings are
added to….
How to identify which person or thing ‘is’ or is doing
an action
Be aware of ‘which’ person is meant by 1st, 2nd, or
3rd person.
Recognize the importance of subject-verb agreement
in understanding Latin (and English)
Your Language Notebook
Complete the vocabulary section and
summarize the grammar section,
including any charts!
 Be sure you bring your notebook and
any classwork (or homework if not
finished in class) to class every day.
There will be a notebook check
sometime soon!

Ticket Out the Door

How do I know which person or thing ‘is’ or is
doing something by paying attention to the
personal endings on Latin verbs? Give
examples!