4A Cell Organelles
• specialized structures within a
living cell
Cell Wall
Structure
• Outer layer of a cell
• Made of cellulose
• Rigid & strong
Cell Wall
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Function
Provides support (maintains cell
shape)
Protects cell
Helps maintain cell shape
Allows O2, H2O, & CO2 into & out
of cell
Cell Wall
Cell (Plasma) Membrane
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Structure
Outer layer of an animal cell
Inside cell wall in plants
Selectively permeable
Double layer of phospholipids
with proteins
Cell (Plasma) Membrane
Function
• Provides support & protection
• Controls movement of materials
into & out of cell
• Maintains homeostasis - balance
Cell (Plasma) Membrane
Nucleus
Structure
• Large, dark center of cell
• Holds DNA
Nucleus
Function
• Controls all cellular activities
• Contains hereditary (genetic info)
material of the cell
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Structure
• Clear, thick, jellylike material
• Organelles are found inside
cytoplasm
• Contains the cytoskeleton fibers
Cytoplasm
Function
• Supports and protects cell
organelles
Cytoplasm
Chloroplast
Structure
• oval shaped containing
chlorophyll (green pigment)
• Stacks of thylakoids inside called
grana
• Gel-like, innermost substance
called stroma
Chloroplast
Function
• Uses E from the sun to make
food (glucose) for plants in a
process called photosynthesis
• Releases oxygen
Chloroplast
Mitochondria
Structure
• Peanut shaped
• Double membrane w/ smooth
outermembrane
Mitochondria
Function
• Breaks down glucose molecules
to release energy in the form of
ATP
• Site of aerobic respiration
• Releases CO2
Mitochondria
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
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Structure
Network of tubes or membranes
Smooth without ribosomes
Rough with ribosomes
Connects nuclear envelope & cell
membrane
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Function
• Carries materials through cell
• Aids in making proteins &
transporting them to Golgi bodies
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Ribosome
Structure
• Small round bodies free or
attached to ER
• Made of rRNA & protein
Ribosome
Function
• Synthesize (make) proteins
Ribosome
Ribosome
Lysosome
Structure
• Small & round with a single
membrane
Lysosome
Function
• Breaks down larger food
molecules into smaller molecules
• digests old cell parts
Lysosome
Golgi Body (apparatus)
Structure
• Stacks of flattened sacs
Golgi Body (apparatus)
Function
• Modify proteins made by the cells
• Packages & exports the proteins
Golgi Body (apparatus)
Centrioles
Structure
• Paired structures near the
nucleus
• Made of a cylinder of microtubule
pairs
Centrioles
Function
• Assist in cell division
Centrioles
Vacuoles
Structure
• Fluid-filled sacs
• Largest organelle in plant cells
Vacuoles
Function
• Store water, food & wastes
• Store large amounys of food or
sugars in plants
Vacuole
Cilia
Structure
• Short, hair-like structures
Cilia
Function
• Aids in movement
Cilia
Flagella
Structure
• Long, tail-like structures
Flagella
Function
• Aids in movement
Flagella