PARTS OF SPEECH
REVIEW
ENG 7
#1 THE NOUN
Perhaps the words most frequently used are those that identify someone or
something. These name words are called nouns.
NOTES FOR NOTEBOOK:
Definition – A noun is a word used to name
1) A person
2) A place
3) A thing
4) An idea
taken from Warriners English Composition and Grammar, Third Course, p. 342
#1 NOUNS
• Review Definition
taken from Warriners English Composition and Grammar, Third Course, p. 342
COMMON AND PROPER NOUNS
(ADD TO GRAMMAR NOTES)
• There are two classes of nouns, proper nouns and
common nouns.
• A proper noun names a particular person, place,
thing, or idea and is always capitalized.
• A common noun names any one of a group of
persons, places of things and is not capitalized.
taken from Warriners English Composition and Grammar, Third Course, p. 342 -343
COMMON AND PROPER NOUNS
(ADD TO GRAMMAR NOTES)
COMMON NOUNS (Any)
PROPER NOUNS (Particular)
scientist
Carl Sagan, Sheldon Cooper
female
Beyonce, Michelle Obama, Heidi Klum
city
Cairo, St. Louis, Paris
building
World Trade Center, Buckingham Palace
continent
North America, Africa, Asia
mountains
Rockies, Alps, Blue Ridge Mountains
day
Monday, Thursday, Sunday
taken from Warriners English Composition and Grammar, Third Course, p. 342 -343
COMPOUND NOUNS
Two or more words may be used together as a single noun.
EXAMPLES
hair stylist
Captain Brown
Mexico City
toothpick
Merry-go- round
taken from Warriners English Composition and Grammar, Third Course, p. 344
COMPOUND NOUNS
The parts of a compound noun may
be written as one word, as two or
more words, or as a hyphenated
word. Here are some other
commonly used compound nouns.
taken from Warriners English Composition and Grammar, Third
Course, p. 344
EXAMPLES
volleyball
newsstand
news room
cold front
sister-in-law
push-up
Stratford-on-Avon
COMPOUND NOUNS
If you are in doubt as to how to write a compound
noun, you should consult your dictionary. Some
dictionaries may give two correct forms for a word;
for example, you may find the word vice-president
written both with and without a hyphen. As a rule,
use the form the dictionary list first.
taken from Warriners English Composition and Grammar, Third Course, p. 344
#2 THE PRONOUN
Definition:
• A pronoun is a word used in place of a noun or of more than one noun.
A pronoun is a word used in place
of a noun or of more than one
noun.
• Definition:
taken from Warriners English Composition and Grammar, Third Course, p. 345
#2 THE PRONOUN
EXAMPLE
• A pronoun is a word used in place of a noun or of more than one noun.
Gloria stepped back from the
picture and looked at it carefully.
• Definition:
taken from Warriners English Composition and Grammar, Third Course, p. 345
#2 THE PRONOUN
EXAMPLES
• A pronoun is a word used in place of a noun or of more than one noun.
1. Where is Lois?
She said she would be
here on time.
2. Our teacher and Mrs. Barnes said
they would go to the meeting.
• Definition:
taken from Warriners English Composition and Grammar, Third Course, p. 345
#2 THE PRONOUN
the antecedent • A pronoun is a word used in place of a noun or of more than one noun.
“something going before.”
• Definition:
refers to the noun on which the
pronoun depends for its meaning
taken from Warriners English Composition and Grammar, Third Course, p. 345
EXAMPLES
#2 THE PRONOUN
• Definition:
• A pronoun is a word used in place of a noun or of more than one noun.
Jill opened her book and read from it.
Janet took her dog to the veterinarian.
The coach showed the players how they should throw
the ball.
taken from Warriners English Composition and Grammar, Third Course, p. 346
#3 THE ADJECTIVE
You may wish to describe, or make more definite, a noun or pronoun.
You then MODIFY the word by using an adjective.
An adjective modifies a noun or pronoun.
To modify a word means to describe the word or to make its meaning more
definite. An adjective modifies a noun or pronoun by answering these
questions:
What kind?
Which one?
How many?
taken from Warriners English Composition and Grammar, Third Course, p. 349-350
#3 THE ADJECTIVE
NOTICE HOW THE BOLDFACED ADJECTIVES THAT FOLLOW ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS ABOUT THE NOUNS MODIFIED.
What kind?
Which one?
How many?
gray sky
old shoes
clever dog
low price
that girl
next day
either way
last chance
five fingers
many rivers
fewer hours
some
problems
taken from Warriners English Composition and
Grammar, Third Course, p. 350
#
PRONOUN OR ADJECTIVE?
Notice that in the phrases in the previous slide, that, either, many, fewer, and some –
Words that may also be used as pronouns – are adjectives, because they modify the
nouns in the phrases rather than take the place of the nouns.
The words my, your, his, her, its, our, and their are called pronouns;
they are possessive forms of personal pronouns, showing ownership or
relationship. Some people, however, prefer to think of these words as
adjective because they tell Which one? about nouns:
my sister, your book, our team, their tents.
taken from Warriners English Composition and Grammar, Third Course, p. 350
#
NOUNS USED AS ADJECTIVES
SOMETIMES YOU WILL FIND NOUNS USED AS ADJECTIVES.
NOUNS
crisp bacon
blinding snow
last December
NOUNS USED AS ADJECTIVES
Bacon sandwich
Snow sculpture
December sale
taken from Warriners English Composition and Grammar, Third Course, p. 350
NOUNS USED AS ADJECTIVES
SOMETIMES YOU WILL FIND NOUNS USED AS ADJECTIVES.
December sale
Notice in the example
above that a proper
noun, December, is used
as an adjective. Look at
how some other proper
nouns are used as
adjectives:
PROPER NOUNS USED AS
ADJECTIVES
Texas chili
Jackson concert
Maine coast
Sioux warrior
Brazil nut
Picasso painting
taken from Warriners English Composition and Grammar, Third Course, p. 350
#
ARTICLES
The most frequently used adjectives are a, an and the. The words are called
articles.
A and an are indefinite article; they refer to one of a general group.
EXAMPLES
A girl won.
An elephant escaped.
This is an honor.
taken from Warriners English Composition and Grammar, Third Course, p. 351
ARTICLES
A is used before words beginning with a consonant sound.
An is used before words beginning with a vowel sound.
This is an honor.
Notice in the example above that an is used before a noun beginning with the
consonant h, because the h in honor is not pronounced.
Honor is pronounced as if it begins with a vowel. Remember that the SOUND
of the noun, not the spelling, determines which indefinite article will be used.
taken from Warriners English Composition and Grammar, Third Course, p. 351
ARTICLES
The is a definite article. It indicates that the noun refers to someone or
something in particular.
EXAMPLES
The girl won.
The elephant escaped.
The honor goes to her.
taken from Warriners English Composition and Grammar, Third Course, p. 351
#
ADJECTIVES IN SENTENCES
In all of the examples you have seen so far, the adjective comes before the
noun it modifies. This is its usual position in a sentence.
Ms. Farrell tells all students that good workers will be given special privileges.
A sweating, exhausted runner crossed the line.
Sometimes, however, adjectives follow the word they modify.
A dog, old and overweight, snored in the sun.
taken from Warriners English Composition and Grammar, Third Course, p. 351-352
ADJECTIVES IN SENTENCES
Usually, the adjective comes before the noun it modifies. This is its usual position in a
sentence.
Sometimes, other words may separate an adjective from the noun or pronoun
modified.
Beverly was worried. She felt nervous about the play.
Delighted by the news, he smiled broadly.
taken from Warriners English Composition and Grammar, Third Course, p. 351-352
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