Rensselaer
Creating eLearning Environments
From the Convergence of
Computing, Communication, and Cognition
Jack M. Wilson
J. Erik Jonsson Distinguished Professor of Physics,
Engineering, Information Technology, and Management www.JackMWilson.com

What shapes my views?
Rensselaer
• Experience at Rensselaer implementing
–
Studio Classrooms
–
Integrated classes
(Chem-Materials, Physics-Engineering, etc)
– Student mobile computing (laptop)
– 4 X 4 Curriculum
• NRC Committee on Information Tech.
•
NRC Physics Decadal Overview
• Pew Center for Academic Transformation
($8.8 M)
•
National Learning Infrastructure Initiative
•
Lots of visits, speeches, writing, reading, and visitors www.JackMWilson.com

Learning: The Killer App
Rensselaer
•
Is Learning the "Killer App" of the next generation of computing?
www.JackMWilson.com

The Fact:
Rensselaer
•
It is the worlds best communication tool combined with what will be the
•
World's Largest Library
Creating the First and Only
•
Global Continuous Learning Environment www.JackMWilson.com

Relentlessly changing the way we
•
•
Live
•
Love and
•
www.JackMWilson.com
Rensselaer

The Internet Tsunami
$ Trillions
$3.5
Market Value of
Tech Companies
$3.0
$2.5
$2.0
$1.5
$1.0
$0.5
$0.0
1970
1970s
Rensselaer
1980
1980s www.JackMWilson.com
1990
1990s 2000
Incl. Int’l Tech Companies
Source: Securities Data Company

Changing the landscape of
Rensselaer industry
Top 40 US-Traded Tech. Comp.
4/9/1999 Market Value ($B)
* Microsoft
Intel
* Cisco Systems
4/9/1999 Market Value ($B)
469.7
* TSMC
204.8
* SAP
189.7
* Amazon.com
32.1
31.1
30.1
IBM
* America Online
* Lucent Tech.
* Dell
Nokia
Hewlett-Packard
* EMC
* Sun Microsystems
Motorola
Northern Telecom
Ericsson
Texas Instruments
* Compaq
* Yahoo!
Siemens
Xerox
* Oracle
167.5
EDS
159.2
* Auto. Data Processing
158.6
Applied Materials
26.1
25.9
23.8
105.8
* eBay Inc.
80.4
* Tellabs
23.0
21.4
69.0
* Ascend Communications 20.6
66.1
* At Home Corp.
20.3
53.2
* Computer Associates 18.9
49.5
* First Data Corp.
49.0
* STMicroelectronics
45.5
* Micron Technology
42.1
* Priceline.com
40.9
* Gateway 2000
18.2
16.1
11.3
11.1
10.9
40.8
* E*Trade Group 10.8
40.6
Computer Sciences Corp.
9.3
39.0
* Linear Technology
37.8
* 3Com
8.7
7.8
Source: Frank Quattrone
Credit Suisse First Boston

Wilson’s Favorite Laws!
Rensselaer
• Moore’s Law:
CPU performance doubles every 18 months
• Bandwidth law:
Bandwidth is doubling even faster!
• Metcalf’s Law: the value of a network scales as n 2 where n is the number of persons connected.
www.JackMWilson.com

A New Paradigm
•
OLD Paradigm:
Physical Capital / Resources
•
NEW Paradigm:
Knowledge / Intellectual Capital
–
Frank P. Quattrone
Managing Director
Head of CSFB Technology Group
Credit Suisse/First Boston www.JackMWilson.com
Rensselaer

Why we are running so hard?
Rensselaer
• The Internet’s pace of adoption eclipses all other technologies that preceded it.
–
Radio was in existence 38 years before 50 million people tuned in;
–
TV took 13 years to reach that benchmark.
–
The Internet crossed that line in 4 years , once it was opened to the general public.
•
1 internet year = 2 dog years = 14 people years www.JackMWilson.com

Internet Tsunami -a reprise
Rensselaer
•
In 1994, 3 million people were connected to the
Internet. By the end of 1997, more than 100 million people were using the Internet.
•
Internet Traffic is doubling every 100 days.
• registered domain names grew from 26,000 in
July 1993 to 1.3 million in July 1997.
•
Over same period, the number of hosts expanded from under 1.8 million to 19.5 million.
www.JackMWilson.com

Internet Tsunami -what next?
Rensselaer
• Consumer electronics companies, media giants, phone companies, computer companies, software firms, satellite builders, cell phone businesses, Internet service providers, television cable companies are aggressively investing to build out the Internet.
• Within the next five years, the vast majority of
Americans should be able to interact with the Internet from their television sets, or watch television on their
PCs, and make telephone calls from either device www.JackMWilson.com

The horrible mismatch
•
People change very slowly
•
Technology changes very rapidly
Rensselaer www.JackMWilson.com

What Happens to Us?
•
Proprietary universities cherry pick
Rensselaer
•
Brand name universities franchise
•
Publics turn to government for protection
• Privates either “get it” or struggle www.JackMWilson.com

Proprietary U’s Cherry Pick Rensselaer
• Venture Capital is flowing into space
– $1.7 billion has been invested in new ventures in an effort to tap an education market estimated at over $600 billion annually
•
Focus on Management and IT
– Cash cows of the universities
–
~ 20 courses teach the majority of the SCH
•
Focus on Education for the Masses
•
Avoid the expensive specialties
• Team with Universities, then supplant www.JackMWilson.com

Brand Names Franchise
Rensselaer
•
U. Penn Wharton School
•
NYU- On-Line
•
MIT-Singapore-Microsoft
•
Stanford
• eCornell
•
Formation of for-profit subsidiaries of many many other universities.
www.JackMWilson.com

Publics turn to government for protection
Rensselaer
•
All dog technologies turn to the government for protection – George Gilder
•
Outmoded rules
–
NY State Regents – DL Task Force
– No one follows the rules
–
Capacity review
•
Protectionism www.JackMWilson.com

Privates in turmoil
•
Why should they exist?
Rensselaer
•
Can they offer the same education at N times the price?
•
What are strategies for differentiation?
www.JackMWilson.com

The Future?
Rensselaer
•
There are those who think that higher education will indeed be displaced by other alternatives.
•
Stephen Talbott argues that this will indeed happen and that it is the universities own fault.
•
While Talbott seems disturbed (even angry!) about these prospects, Lewis Perelman is positively welcoming. www.JackMWilson.com

Lewis Perelman
Rensselaer
• “I've analyzed and forecasted trends that, I am increasingly confident, will lead eventually to the collapse of the academic system in a way and for reasons that are basically the same as those that led to the collapse of the Soviet system.”
• Perelman does not think that there is any hope at all for reform in higher education and he thinks that reform is a complete waste of time.
• In his words: “I have no interest in reform; and, when asked, I discourage others from wasting time and money on it. Education reform over a period of decades has proven to be either unnecessary, futile, irrelevant, or even downright harmful. ” www.JackMWilson.com

Matter of Fact Approach
Rensselaer
• Recognizes inevitability while neglecting subtleties
•
Dewayne Matthews, director of student exchange and state relations at the Western Interstate Commission for
Higher Education (WICHE), assumes that “programs can be structured around asynchronous learning. ”
• requires a much more calibrated approach.
– Which programs? For what audience? Under what circumstances?
–
An asynchronous program for a motivated adult learner in a discretionary program may be the ideal solution. An asynchronous program to teach calculus to young adults with the expectation that over 90% of them will be able to use calculus in the next course is a much more difficult proposition. www.JackMWilson.com

Denial
Rensselaer
• Others in higher education are in denial. They hide behind platitudes of “ immutable values
” and “ centuries of stability
.”
• One university administrator once responded to one of my talks by asserting that the current structure of higher education was the “stable product of long evolution.” I pointed out that the dinosaur was one of the most stable products of long evolution, but that evolution does not create “stable products!”
•
It will be important to understand the core values and practices and to see how they play out in this changed environment.
www.JackMWilson.com

What are the healthier opportunities?
Rensselaer
•
Key Trends:
–
Pervasive Technology
–
Globalization
–
Mass Customization
–
Focus and Differentiation
•
Remember that the 18-21 year old will still be with us, and many will want the whole thing.
– Focus on the Student’s Experience www.JackMWilson.com

Ten Commandments of TEL
Rensselaer
1.
Restructure around the learner . Neither over-emphasize nor under-emphasize technology.
2.
Build upon research results
, which inform design; don’t try to reinvent the wheel.
3.
Remember that technology has an intrinsic educational value beyond helping students learn better .
4.
Do systematic redesign and not incremental add-ons . Do not automate the lecture . There is always a tendency to just add on a few computer experiences to everything else. By definition this costs more, is more work for faculty, and adds to the students’ burden. An innovative approach changes rather than adding poorly integrated exercises.
5.
Benchmark your plans and build upon examples of systematic redesign. Find the best examples and build upon them.
www.JackMWilson.com

Ten Commandments of TEL
Rensselaer
6.
Count on Moore’s law ("What is hard today is easy tomorrow").
Eg., CPU power and bandwidth relentlessly double.
7.
Cost is an important aspect of quality . There is no lasting quality if there has been no attention to cost. There are more than enough examples of expensive high quality solutions. We need more examples of inexpensive high quality solutions!
8.
Avoid pilots that linger . Design for a large scale and pilot projects only as a prelude to scaling up. It is easy to design innovative educational experiences that work for small groups. It is harder to address the needs of the 1000 students taking calculus
I at the large research or comprehensive university.
9.
Develop a balance between synchronous and asynchronous distributed learning.
10.
There is no longer any way to do good scholarship without technology, and there is no longer any way to teach good scholarship without technology.
www.JackMWilson.com

Pervasive Technology
•
Studio Classrooms
•
Laptop Curriculum
•
Fully wired campus
• Fully “wireless” campus
Rensselaer
•
Used pervasively not just for homework, in computer labs, or outside of class.
www.JackMWilson.com

Globalization
Rensselaer
•
Extending your reach globally
–
Not just marketing your programs overseas
•
Bringing global experiences to your students
– Junior year abroad is nice …. but…..
– An international student body is nice…… but…
•
Allowing students to participate in experiences that they could not have on your campus.
www.JackMWilson.com

Mass Customization
Rensselaer students
•
The notion is that you take customers and put them at the center of their own universe. –Jeff
Bezos, CEO of Amazon.com
–
Amazon.com
–
Dell Computer
– Expedia.com
www.JackMWilson.com

Mass Customization
Rensselaer
•
Mass Customization is NOT
–
Pandering
–
Allowing the student to define the course
–
Abdicating responsibility for student learning www.JackMWilson.com

Mass Customization
Rensselaer
•
Mass Customization is
–
Based upon sound cognitive research
– finding out where the student is (initial condition)
–
Defining a personalized path to success
•
Mass customization is only practical through creative use of technology www.JackMWilson.com

Focus and Differentiate
Rensselaer
• No more “all things to all people”
•
Not every institution can sell distant learning to
Asia!
• Watch for “consolidation” or “shakeout”
–
Failures are good for the system and bad for the victim
•
What is YOUR special expertise?
–
Babson, CalTech, etc.
www.JackMWilson.com

You ain’t seen nothin’ yet Rensselaer
• Remember Moore’s Law, the Bandwidth Law,
Metcalf’s Law.
•
Present asynchronous courses are primitive and rudimentary precursors to real distributed learning.
• Don’t wait, get started now.
• “Don’t look back, somethin’ might be gaining on you.” –Satchell Paige www.JackMWilson.com

Our Strategies
Rensselaer
Interactive
Learning
Information
Technology
Critical
Focus Internationalization www.JackMWilson.com

What happens to me?
Rensselaer
•
Will the Web or a CD-
ROM Replace your
<Blank> Instructor?
www.JackMWilson.com

The transmission model
•
The mainframe approach
Rensselaer www.JackMWilson.com

Interactive Learning
•
Distributed Collaborative Model
Rensselaer www.JackMWilson.com

The Traditional Classroom
Rensselaer www.JackMWilson.com

The Studio Classroom
Rensselaer www.JackMWilson.com

The typical Studio
Traditional
•
Credit Hours: 4
• Contact Hours 6
–
2 Hours Lecture
–
2 Hours Recitation
– 2 Hours Lab
Studio
•
Credit Hours: 4
• Contact Hours 4 www.JackMWilson.com
Rensselaer

The Studio Classroom
• Hesburgh Award 1995
•
Boeing Award 1995
• Pew Prize 1997
•
Pew: $8.8 Million in 1999.
Rensselaer www.JackMWilson.com

New Resources
Rensselaer
•
Texts
•
Interactive Texts
•
Access to Databases
•
Full Motion Video
•
Data Acquisition/Analysis/Visualization
•
Collaboration
•
Live Links to Experts www.JackMWilson.com

The Forty Year Degree
Rensselaer
•
Christopher Galvin,
President Motorola:
•
We are not hiring any more graduates with four year degrees.
•
We want employees with forty year degrees www.JackMWilson.com

Distributed Cognition
Rensselaer
• The "Client-Server" model.
•
Connecting students, instructors, and resources into a rich interacting community of learners.
•
Peer Teaching
•
Cooperative Learning
• Student-student as well as student-instructor and student-resource interactions
• Synchronous as well as asynchronous
•
Video/Audio/ and Multimedia interactions
• The real "World Wide Web" www.JackMWilson.com

Our Strategies for the distance
Rensselaer
•
Follow our corporate partners throughout their own globalization process
– ex: GM into Mexico, Luxembourg and elsewhere
•
Focus on Engineering, Management and
Technology, Computer Science, and Information
Technology
•
Offer old, new, and leading edge technologies.
www.JackMWilson.com

Technologies in Use
•
Satellite Video
• ISDN Videoconferencing
• CD-ROM Creation
• Mail out materials
• World Wide Web materials
• ILINC
LearnLinc
–
Desktop Video (multicast)
–
Network based materials management
– Classroom management
• Software Spin Off: ILINC www.JackMWilson.com
Rensselaer

LearnLinc 3.0
Rensselaer www.JackMWilson.com

Rensselaer
•
On- Air indicator
•
Raise your hand
•
Picture or video of speaker
•
Audio and Network controls
•
Agenda or class roll
•
Feedback section
–
(can be pace, agreement, T/F, Yes/No, etc.)
•
Chat Window www.JackMWilson.com

On-Line Testing
(LearnLinc TestLinc)
Rensselaer www.JackMWilson.com

Student Results and Records
Rensselaer www.JackMWilson.com

Record book
Rensselaer www.JackMWilson.com

NTU-Rensselaer Course
•
Satellite broadcast
•
Hands On Exercises
•
Synchronous Tutoring
•
Asynchronous support
Rensselaer www.JackMWilson.com

NTU-Rensselaer Course
Rensselaer
•
Feb 10 & 17, 1998
•
8000 participants
•
500 sites
•
Most successful NTU course ever
• “The future of satellite based education.”
–
Lionel Baldwin, President, NTU www.JackMWilson.com

Rensselaer and Hong Kong City U.
Rensselaer
•
Survival Skills for Astrophysics
•
Professor Chun Ming Leung
–
Graduate Students in Astrophysics
•
Video/Audio/
LearnLinc
Web Data Conf.
•
•
•
•
Both ISDN and Internet connection
7 am Eastern ( 6 Hong Kong)
Student Collaborative Presentations
One Semester length www.JackMWilson.com

Chemical Mechanical Planarization
Rensselaer
• RPI/Intel/Applied Mat./ Matsushita/IBM
–
New York; Osaka, Japan; California; Arizona; Texas
•
Murarka, Schowalter, Duquette
–
(Introduction to Copper Metalization)
–
(Wall Street Journal article)
•
Month long course to engineers and scientists in the workplace.
•
Video/Audio/
LearnLinc
Web data Conf.
–
ISDN and Internet
– ProShare, PictureTel, Panasonic multipoint www.JackMWilson.com

CMP Course
Rensselaer
• Profilimeter trace showing dishing of the titanium liner relative to the adjacent recessed copper metal.
An electrochemical interaction between the copper metal and the titanium accelerated the normally low polish rate of titanium to produce the negative dishing.
www.JackMWilson.com

U.S. Problem
Rensselaer
•
Few high school students studying math & physics
•
Lack of qualified teachers
•
Rural and inner cities are particularly bad
•
Solution:
– LearnLinc used to teach physics over the network
–
Funded by:
• AT&T
• Lucent
•
Bell Atlantic
•
IBM www.JackMWilson.com

Remote Physics Course
Rensselaer
•
Introductory Calculus Physics
•
Delivered via ILINC
LearnLinc
•
Cobleskill High School in rural upstate NY
•
Collaborative between the physics teacher at
Cobleskill and faculty and graduate students at Rensselaer www.JackMWilson.com

Nichole
Rensselaer www.JackMWilson.com

Rensselaer
Dr. Jack M. Wilson wilsoj@rpi.edu
http://www.RPI.edu
http://www.JackMWilson.com
www.JackMWilson.com
The End

RSVP
Rensselaer
•
10 Years +
•
'93 Telecon "Best Distance Learning Program"
•
'96 USDLA Industry-University Collaboration
•
1066 Students in Credit/Degree Courses(S99)
•
Several hundred more in short courses
•
Bringing education to the workplace
–
(GM, IBM, Lockheed Martin, AT&T, Lucent, Con
Ed, GE, UTC, Pratt &Whitney, Ford, Intel,Applied
Materials, Matsushita, Bugle Boy, Albany
International, Key Bank, +++++) www.JackMWilson.com

Success Story-LearnLinc
Rensselaer
•
ILINC
LearnLinc distributed learning system
– Video-audio-collaboration-synchronous-asynchronous
• founded in 1994 by one faculty (Wilson) and two alums (Bernstein and Usluel)
•
RPI Research joint with AT&T and Bell Labs
•
Began in incubator
•
Moved to Tech Park
•
Bootstrap start-up and two rounds of venture including one with Intel.
www.JackMWilson.com

Albany International Paper
Rensselaer
•
Management and Technology
Gene Simons
–
North America
–
South America
–
Europe
–
Australia
–
Asia
•
Face to Face first then PictureTel and Web www.JackMWilson.com

Success Story
Rensselaer
•
MapInfo
–
Founded by four undergraduates and staff member
–
$60.6 million in 1998 rev.(1999 $70 M est.)
–
NASDAQ Stock
–
Develops desktop mapping software
–
Offices in Beijing and Hong Kong
–
Research with campus on software design collaboration across distance and culture www.JackMWilson.com