World Civilization
Name ________________
Mrs. Whaley
Date __________Pd. ____
Unit 6: Western Nationalism and Revolutions (1789 – 1900)
Study Guide
Directions: Use your notes, handouts, and Chapter 8 of your textbook to complete the following.
1. This Russian czar decided to end serfdom in 1861 in an attempt to modernize his country.
Alexander II
2. This Italian statesman was most responsible for expanding the Kingdom of PiedmontSardinia’s power and unifying Italy.
Count di Cavour
3. What was the title given to the ruler of the new, unified German empire?
Kaiser
4. By 1871, which event caused the greatest shift in the balance of power in Europe?
Prussia Unified Germany
5. Revolutionaries Miguel Hidalgo, Jose Maria Morelos, and Agustin de Itrubide played
leading roles in helping MEXICO become independent from Spain in 1821.
6. Define Nationalism. It says one’s greatest loyalty should not be to a king or empire, one’s
greatest loyalty should be to a nation of people, the nation of people should share a
common history and culture.
7. This brilliant general was called the “Liberator” and “George Washington” of South
America because he helped Venezuela and Colombia break free from Spain.
Simon Bolivar
8. In 1800, Austria was ruled by the oldest ruling house in Europe, called the HAPSBURGS
(royal family name).
9. Which man led a revolt of enslaved Africans in St. Dominique? Toussaint L’Ouverture
10. Today, the former French colony of St. Dominique is known as HAITI.
11. “Realpolitik” most closely means THE POLITICS OF REALITY
12. Which European empires experienced a decline in power? The British Empire
13. Those at the very top of Spanish society in Latin America were called? Peninsulares
14. Who led the Italian “Red Shirts”? Giuseppe Garibaldi
15. What event in Europe in 1808 encouraged widespread rebellion in Latin America?
Napoleon put his brother Joseph on the throne of Spain.
16. Unlike revolutions in other Latin American countries, Haiti’s fight for freedom was
CARRIED OUT BY SLAVES.
17. What was unique about Brazil’s independence movement? It occurred without violence or
bloodshed.
18. Persons in Latin America of mixed European and Indian ancestry were called Mestizos.
19. In Bismarck’s practice of Realpolitik, his polical actions were guided by THE NEEDS OF
THE STATE.
20. What is true about liberal and nationalist revolutions of 1830 and 1848? MOST FAILED
21. Which revolutionary leader helped Argentina win freedom from Spain? Jose de San Martin
22. Christians in the Ottoman Empire’s province of Armenia were massacred and deported by
the ruling Truks during the genocides of 1894-1896 and again in 1915.
23. For a short time after liberation from Spanish rule, Venezuela, Ecuador, and Panama were
part of a single nation called Gran Colombia
24. Czar Alexander III launched a program of Russification in which he forced Russian
traditions and culture upon all ethnic groups within the empire.
25. Brazil’s quest for independence was led by both the creole class and a member of the
Portuguese royal family.