Pharmacology Review
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Pharmacology Review • Facial flushing • Headache, sweating, palpitations • Post vagal maneuvers Adenosine • Facial flushing • Headache, sweating, palpitations • Post vagal • Sympathomimetic • Tremors, palpitations • Decreases potassium Albuterol • Sympathomimetic • Tremors, palpitations • Decreases potassium • Direct vascular smooth muscle contraction • No adrenergic effects • Pitressin Vasopressin • Direct vascular smooth muscle contraction • No adrenergic effects • Pitressin • 150-300mg IV • Increases digoxin levels • Prolongs action potential and refractory period Aminodarone • 150-300mg IV • Increases digoxin levels • Prolongs action potential and refractory period • NSAID • Platelet inhibitor • GI bleeding Aspirin • NSAID • Platelet inhibitor • GI bleeding • Selective B1 adrenergic blocker • Decrease size of MI • Decrease post MI dysrhythmias Atenolol • Selective B1 adrenergic blocker • Decrease size of MI • Decrease post MI dysrhythmias • Analgesic • Antipyretic • Not aspirin Acetaminophen • Analgesic • Antipyretic • Not aspirin • Blocks muscarinic responses to acetylcholine • Decreased sweating • Increases heartrate Atropine • Blocks muscarinic responses to acetylcholine • Decreased sweating • Increases heartrate • Systemic adrenocorticoid • Anti-inflamatory • ?? Cord injury Dexamethasone • Systemic adrenocorticoid • Anti-inflamatory • ?? Cord injury • Decreased conduction through the AV • Increased contractility • Cardiac glycoside Digoxin • Increased contractility • Decreased conduction through the AV • Cardiac glycoside • Hyperkalemia • Calcium channel blocker overdose • Low serum calcium Calcium chloride • Hyperkalemia • Calcium channel blocker overdose • Low serum calcium • Dilates coronary arteries • Inhibits coronary artery spasm • Slows SA and AV node conduction Diltiazem (Cardizem) • Dilates coronary arteries • Inhibits coronary artery spasm • Slows SA and AV node conduction • Increased cardiac output • Increased systolic blood pressure • Direct alpha and beta adrenergic activity Dopamine • Increased cardiac output • Increased systolic blood pressure • Direct alpha and beta adrenergic activity • Synthetic narcotic agonist • Analgesia and sedation • RSI Fentanyl (Sublimaze) • Synthetic narcotic agonist • Analgesia and sedation • RSI • Prevents conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin • Unstable angina • Non-Q-wave MI Enoxaparin (Lovenox) • Prevents conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin • Unstable angina • Non-Q-wave MI • Increases cerebral blood flow during CPR • Alpha and beta sympathomimetic • Adrenalin Epinephrine • Increases cerebral blood flow during CPR • Alpha and beta sympathomimetic • Adrenalin • Esophageal spasm • Beta blocker overdose • Hypoglycemia Glucagon • Esophageal spasm • Beta blocker overdose • Hypoglycemia • Sedative antagonist • Reverse respiratory depression • Benzodiazepine resistant seizures Flumazenil (Romazicon) • Sedative antagonist • Reverse respiratory depression • Benzodiazepine resistant seizures • Vasodilator • Loop diuretic • Pulmonary edema; CHF Furosemide (Lasix) • Vasodilator • Loop diuretic • Pulmonary edema; CHF • Anticholinergic • Nebulized bronchodilator • Decreases secretions Ipratropium (Atrovent) • Anticholinergic • Nebulized bronchodilator • Decreases secretions • QT prolongation • Antipsychotic • Chemical restraint Haloperidol (Haldol) • QT prolongation • Antipsychotic • Chemical restraint • Fractionated • Drip only • Protamine antagonist Heparin • Fractionated • Drip only • Protamine antagonist • Anti-inflammatory • Blocks prostaglandin synthesis • Platelet inhibitor NSAIDs • Anti-inflammatory • Blocks prostaglandin synthesis • Platelet inhibitor • Bronchodilator • Minimal beta 1 or alpha effects • Bronkosol Isoetharine (Bronkosol) • Bronchodilator • Minimal beta 1 or alpha effects • Bronkosol • Synthetic narcotic analgesic • Shorter duration of action than morphine • Schedule II Meperidine (Demerol) • Synthetic narcotic analgesic • Shorter duration of action than morphine • Schedule II • Beta blocker • Selective alpha blocker • Hypertensive crisis Labetalol • Beta blocker • Selective alpha blocker • Hypertensive crisis • Na channel blocker • Class indeterminate • Increases K Lidocaine • Na channel blocker • Class indeterminate • Increases K • Needed for the NaK pump to work • Deficient in alcoholics • Rx for Torsades Magnesium • Needed for the NaK pump to work • Deficient in alcoholics • Rx for Torsades • Beta 1 blocker • Hold for BP < 100 • MONAB Metoprolol (Lopressor) • Beta 1 blocker • Hold for BP < 100 • MONAB • Induces amnesia • No analgesic effect • Short acting benzo Midazolam (Versed) • Induces amnesia • No analgesic effect • Short acting benzo • Cardiac friendly • Constipation • Named after the god Morpheus Morphine • Cardiac friendly • Constipation • Named after the god Morpheus • Opiate receptor antagonist • Can be give ET • Induced withdrawal Naloxone (Narcan) • Opiate receptor antagonist • Can be give ET • Induced withdrawal • More coronary and peripheral vasodilation than Verapamil or Diltiazem • Prevents coronary artery spasm • May be given SL Nifedipine (Procardia) • More coronary and peripheral vasodilation than Verapamil or Diltiazem • Prevents coronary artery spasm • May be given SL • Vascular smooth muscle relaxer • Potent vasodilator • Viagra incompatible Nitroglycerine • Vascular smooth muscle relaxer • Potent vasodilator • Viagra incompatible • Contracts smooth muscle • Facilities milk flow • Naturally produced in the pituitary Oxytocin (Pitocin) • Contracts smooth muscle • Facilities milk flow • Naturally produced in the pituitary • Long acting barbiturate • Anticonvulsant • Habit forming Phenobarbital • Long acting barbiturate • Anticonvulsant • Habit forming • Ordorless gas • Nonexplosive • Administer with oxygen Nitrous Oxide (Nitronox) • Ordorless gas • Nonexplosive • Administer with oxygen • Anticonvulsant • Class IB antidysrhythmic properties • Nystagmus Phenytoin (Dilantin) • Anticonvulsant • Class IB antidysrhythmic properties • Nystagmus • Class Ia antidysrhythmic • Increased refractory period • 17 mg/kg loading dose Procainamide (Procan) • Class Ia antidysrhythmic • Increased refractory period • 17 mg/kg loading dose • Sympathetic amine • More alpha than beta • Hypotension resistant to other sympathomimetics Norepinephrine (Levophed) • Sympathetic amine • More alpha than beta • Hypotension resistant to other sympathomimetics • Antiemetic • Higher incident of extrapyramidal effects • Does not affect motion sickness Prochlorperazine (Compazine) • Antiemetic • Higher incident of extrapyramidal effects • Does not affect motion sickness • Antiemetic • Relative free of extrapyramidal side effects • Sedating Promethazine (Phenergan) • Antiemetic • Relative free of extrapyramidal side effects • Sedating • Beta 1 blocker • Beta 2 blocker • Class II antidysrhythmic Propranolol (Inderal) • Beta 1 blocker • Beta 2 blocker • Class II antidysrhythmic • Sympathomimetic • Subglottic edema in croup • Isomer of epi Racemic Epinephrine • Sympathomimetic • Subglottic edema in croup • Isomer of epi • Increased sodium load • Increases CO2 production • Buffer Sodium Bicarbonate • Increased sodium load • Increases CO2 production • Buffer • Blocks acetylcholine receptor sites • Fasiculations • Facilitate endotracheal intubation Succinylcholine • Blocks acetylcholine receptor sites • Fasiculations • Facilitate endotracheal intubation • Vitamin • Wernicke’s • Korsakoff’s Thiamine • Vitamin • Wernicke’s • Korsakoff’s • Increased cardiac output • Decreased pulmonary wedge pressure • Little effect on BP or heart rate Dobutamine (Dobutrex) • Increased cardiac output • Decreased pulmonary wedge pressure • Little effect on BP or heart rate • PSVT refractory to Adenosine • More ionotropic than others • Calcium channel blocker Verapamil • PSVT refractory to Adenosine • More ionotropic than others • Calcium channel blocker • Drowsiness • Paradoxical rage • Hypotension Diazepam (Valium) • Drowsiness • Paradoxical rage • Hypotension
