STATION 1 – RHETORICAL APPEALS
Appeal to Pathos: using the audience’s emotions to strengthen an argument
Appeal to Logos: using logic to strengthen an argument
Appeal to Ethos: proving the speaker’s credibility to strengthen the argument
EXAMPLES OF APPEALS IN ADVERTISING
An advertisement using pathos will attempt to evoke an emotional response in the consumer. Sometimes, it is a
positive emotion such as happiness: an image of people enjoying themselves while drinking Pepsi. Other times,
advertisers will use negative emotions such as pain: a person having back problems after buying the “wrong”
mattress. Pathos can also include emotions such as fear and guilt: images of a starving child persuade you to send
money.
An advertisement using logos will give you the evidence and statistics you need to fully understand what the
product does. The logos of an advertisement will be the "straight facts" about the product: One glass of Florida
orange juice contains 75% of your daily Vitamin C needs.
An advertisement using ethos will try to convince you that the company is more reliable, honest, and credible;
therefore, you should buy its product. Ethos often involves statistics from reliable experts, such as nine out of ten
dentists agree that Crest is the better than any other brand or Americas dieters choose Lean Cuisine. Often, a
celebrity endorses a product to lend it more credibility: Catherine Zeta-Jones makes us want to switch to T-Mobile.
Practice labeling pathos, logos, and ethos by placing a P, L, or E in the blank:
_____ A child is shown covered in bug bites after using an inferior bug spray.
_____ Tiger Woods endorses Nike.
_____ Sprite Zero is 100% sugar-free.
_____ A 32-oz. bottle of Tide holds enough to wash 32 loads.
_____ A commercial shows an image of a happy couple riding in a Corvette.
_____ Cardiologists recommend Ecotrin more than any other brand of aspirin.
_____ Advil Liqui-Gels provide up to 8 hours of continuous pain relief.
_____ Miley Cyrus appears in Oreo advertisements.
_____ People who need more energy drink Red Bull Energy Drink.
_____ A magazine ad shows people smiling while smoking cigarettes.
STATION 2 – RHETORICAL DEVICES
Write out the definitions for each rhetorical device (page 227).
Allusion:
Rhetorical Questions:
Repetition:
Parallelism:
ALLUSION
Choose the best answer for each of the following questions:
1. “He snarled over his shoulder as he left, ‘I’ll be back!’” is an allusion to the character
a. The wolf in “The Three Little Pigs”
b. The Terminator
c. The caboose in “The Little Engine that Could”
2. “Terry was no Scrooge, but he spent his money wisely” makes an allusion to the story of
a. “A Christmas Carol”
b. “Mary Poppins”
c. “Mickey Mouse’s Playhouse”
3. “He prioritized his financial responsibilities as Thoreau might have” makes an allusion to
a. Scrooge in “A Christmas Carol”
b. Tax evasion in “Civil Disobedience”
c. Eating the forbidden fruit in Genesis
4. “Carl’s worries weighed on him like a board covered in heavy stones” makes an allusion to
a. “The Lottery”
b. “The Sword in the Stone”
c. The Crucible
REPETITION VS. PARALLELISM
Identify the rhetorical device (repetition - R or parallelism - P) in each of the following quotes:
_____ “There is tears for his love; joy for his fortune; honor for his valor; and death for his ambition.”
_____ “I have a dream. I have a dream today.”
_____ “Who here is so base that would be a bondman? Who here is so vile that will not love his country?”
_____ “For I have neither wit, nor words, not worth,/Action, nor utterance, nor the power of speech”
_____ “Let freedom ring. Let freedom ring from every mountain top.”
STATION 3 – LITERARY MOVEMENTS
Write out the following information for each literary movement studied in your journal.
EARLY AMERICAN WRITING - REVOLUTION (pages 24, 30-31)
Time Period:
Key Authors:
Historical Context:
Characteristics:
Texts studied:
GOTHIC ROMANTICISM (page 312-313)
Time Period:
Key Authors:
Historical Context:
Characteristics:
Texts studied:
STATION 4 – “SPEECH IN THE VIRGINIA CONVENTION” (PAGE 230)
Write out the following information for the “Speech in the Virginia Convention” in your journal.
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What was this historical context of the speech?
Who was the speaker?
Who was the audience?
What was the speaker’s purpose?
How did the speaker persuade his audience? (Give examples of rhetorical appeals and rhetorical
devices from the text.
STATION 5 – THE FALL OF THE HOUSE OF USHER (PAGE 412)
Write out the following information for the “The Fall of the House of Usher” in your journal.
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Summary
Provide a description for the following characters: narrator, Roderick Usher, Lady Madeleine
Identify the conflicts presented at the beginning, middle, and end of the story.
Use evidence from the text to explain how diction (word choice) creates mood.
What elements of Gothic Romanticism are found in “The Fall of the House of Usher?”
STATION 6 – THE MINISTER’S BLACK VEIL (PAGE 468)
Write out the following information for the “The Minister’s Black Veil” in your journal.
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Summary
What is the town’s initial reaction to the veil?
What inferences can readers make about the Puritan community based on this story?
What does the veil represent?
What happens at the end of the story?
What is the message of the story?
What elements of Gothic Romanticism are found in “The Minister’s Black Veil?”