North Africa
Perod 1
3000 BC-2000 BC Nile valley
1500-1070 bc Imperrial eygyptian empire
Period 2
800-350 BC Classical Greece ruled north africa
323 BC Alexander of macedon
509 BC -100 CE Roman republic ruled North Africa
100-476 CE- Roman Empire ruled North Africa
146 BC Catheridge political power Mediterranean
450-476 CE German vandals invaded Egypt and the Roman Empire fell
Period 3
661-750 CE The Umayyad dynasty ruled north Africa
750-1258 CE Abbassids Dynasty ruled North Africa
1000-1500 Medieval European regional states (part of the Byzantine Empire)
Period 4
1555-1830 Ottoman rule and Algeria
Period 1 The beginning of time to 600
S: ancient eygypt had series of well-defined social classes and used slaves for labor. Power was vested in
men, women preformed domestic duties like cooking and cleaning. One woman had served as queen,
Queen Hatshepsut; 1473-1458 BC, but only elite women
P By 5000 BCE Sudanic people had organized into small monarchies.
I Pyramids were used as tombs for Egyptian Pharaohs and are the most recognizable monolithic
architecture in the world. Climate change had just occurred at about 10000 BCE, and was a grassy step
land. Around 9000 BCE peoples of Sudan domesticated cattle and began farming. After 5000 BC the
climate changed to be hotter and drier. The Nile river dried up and left rich fertile mud banks.
North Africa
C
R
Religion served to solidify the divine right of the pharaoh. Pharaohs were thought to be
descendants of the gods, or to become gods once they had dies. Agriculture influenced
religious beliefs, many likened life and death to start and end and rebirth of crops.
Amom-re was a very important sun god worshipped in both the old and new kingdoms.
The old kingdom was polytheistic, the new mono.
A
Elites, both political and religious, promoted arts and artisanship (Sculpture, Painting,
Wall Decorations, Elaborate Weaving)
T
Early civilizations developed monumental architecture and urban planning (Pyramids,
Temples, Defensive walls, Streets and Roads, Sewage and Water systems)
Mummification showed the technology used for preservation
E
Trade expanded throughout this period from local to regional and trans regional, with
civilizations exchanging goods, cultural ideas, and technology. (Between Egypt and Nubia. Funerary
customs showed that Egypt was a prosperous agricultural society. 1700 BCE- Bronze metallurgy began
in ancient Egypt. After 1000 BCE Egypt made up for their slow start in metallurgy with iron work that
spread from Egypt to trans Saharan Africa. Traded with Mesopotamians starting at 3500 BCE and after
3000 BCE were very active in the Mediterranean.
Period Two:
S: There were slaves. Education was common for upper class women. There was a patriarch.
P: Alexander Macedon conquered Egypt. Under the power of Rome, Carthage became a dominant city of political
power in the Mediterranean.
I: Nile River was used for trade, food, and protection. They made a system in which they predicted what time the
river would flood each year, and prepared before the flood. The Sahara was used for protection from invaders as
well. They also came up with the monsoon system for ships. During Roman rule, they built large roads and
expanded their empire.
C: Alexandria was diverse in religion and the cultures were diverse in this area. They had museums and schools in
Alexandria. There were many different religions at this time, because they did not come up with an official religion
at this time, resulting in cults. All of the religions had the same ideal of one creator who died for their salvation.
Christianity was later brought through trade.
North Africa
Mediterranean
Nile River
Sahara Desert
North Africa is home of the Nile River. This river provides food, protection, and fresh soil. The main importance of
the river was for the use of trade. Goods were exchanged throughout the Nile River. The delta at the end of the
Nile connects them to the Mediterranean Sea, which is important for trade and to have contact with other places
in the world. Another prominent geographic feature is the desert. The Sahara Desert provided protection for the
people of Northern Africa.
Period Three:
S: Patriarchy. Participated in veiling of women. Under the Byzantine empire, there were nobles, priests, and
peasants.
P: Under the Byzantine Empire, they operated under feudalism.
I:
C: Islam spread to North Africa. Christianity was dominant in Byzantine Empire. Disapproved of artistic
representations of the church and holy figures.
E: Food that was brought from travels included sugar, cane, and rice. This improved the diets and industries.
Period 4:
S:
North Africa
P:
I: Spice Roads from Asia to the Mediterranean. Trans-Saharan trade routes across North Africa.
C: Alexandria In Egypt and St. Augustine were leaders of the church. Christianity was the dominant religion. Cairo
was the largest Arab speaking place.
E: Slave trade