Aerospace and Defense Symposium 2007
Digitizing and Analyzing
Ultra-Wideband Signals
Author: Mark Lombardi, Agilent Technologies
Module G2—Digitizing and Analyzing
Ultra-Wideband Signals
Aerospace and Defense Symposium 2007
Agenda
Digitizing and Analyzing Ultra-Wideband Signals
•
•
•
•
Introduction
RF Block Diagrams and Measurement Points
Compare and Contrast Narrowband vs. Wideband
Oscilloscope Digitizer Performance
(time/frequency/modulation domains)
• Software Tools (time/frequency/modulation domains)
• Agilent Products and Q&A
Module G2—Digitizing and Analyzing
Ultra-Wideband Signals
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Aerospace and Defense Symposium 2007
Working with Greater Than 100 MHz BWs?
Spread spectrum communication systems
Satellite systems
Radar systems
Ultra-wideband (UWB)
Module G2—Digitizing and Analyzing
Ultra-Wideband Signals
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Aerospace and Defense Symposium 2007
Target Applications
RF R&D, Signals > 100 MHz in BW
• Aerospace/Defense
• Sat Com, Radar, Secure Communications,
UWB
• Emerging Wireless Communications
• WiMedia UWB
R&D, Digital Design on
Communication Systems
Module G2—Digitizing and Analyzing
Ultra-Wideband Signals
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Aerospace and Defense Symposium 2007
Agenda
Digitizing and Analyzing Ultra-Wideband Signals
•
•
•
•
Introduction
RF Block Diagrams and Measurement Points
Compare and Contrast Narrowband vs. Wideband
Oscilloscope Digitizer Performance
(time/frequency/modulation domains)
• Software Tools (time/frequency/modulation domains)
• Agilent Products and Q&A
Module G2—Digitizing and Analyzing
Ultra-Wideband Signals
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Aerospace and Defense Symposium 2007
Basic Digital Radio (SDR) Architecture
IF
RF
ADC/DAC
Quadrature
Demodulator
Receive Path
LNA
A/D
Rx VGA
Downconverter
Baseband
Digital
0
Phase
Splitter
90
Channel
Equalizer &
Decoder
Memory
A/D
PLL
T/R Switch
or Duplexer
N x Synthesizers
RSSI
A/D
AGC
D/A
Pwr/Burst Cntrl
D/A
AGC
D/A
Speech
Decode
DSP
Speech
Encode
m Controller
Applications
User Interface
Protocol
HW Control
D/A
S
Power Amp
Driver Upconverter
Tx VGA
Transmit Path
Module G2—Digitizing and Analyzing
Ultra-Wideband Signals
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Phase
Splitter
90
D/A
Channel
Encoder &
Spectral
Shaping
PCI / USB
100 base T
Quadrature
Modulator
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Aerospace and Defense Symposium 2007
89600 Configurations
Spectrum
Analyzers
Agilent Design
Simulation
Software
Logic
Analyzer
Infiniium Series
Oscilloscopes
(Today’s Focus)
Vector Complex
Signal Generator
Module G2—Digitizing and Analyzing
Ultra-Wideband Signals
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Aerospace and Defense Symposium 2007
Expanding Measurement Applications for Scopes
Greater Analysis Bandwidth
• Up to 13 GHz (26 GHz BBIQ)
Performance
• Low noise, good dynamic range, flat response
Measurement Flexibility
•
•
•
•
RF, IF, baseband - time/frequency/modulation measurements
Over the air, direct in circuit probing (single ended/differential)
Multi-channel measurements (correlation, BBIQ, MIMO)
Open architecture (Windows® XP, MATLAB®)
Module G2—Digitizing and Analyzing
Ultra-Wideband Signals
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Aerospace and Defense Symposium 2007
Agenda
Digitizing and Analyzing Ultra-Wideband Signals
•
•
•
•
Introduction
RF Block Diagrams and Measurement Points
Compare and Contrast Narrowband vs. Wideband
Oscilloscope Digitizer Performance
(time/frequency/modulation domains)
• Software Tools (time/frequency/modulation domains)
• Agilent Products and Q&A
Module G2—Digitizing and Analyzing
Ultra-Wideband Signals
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Aerospace and Defense Symposium 2007
Narrowband vs. Broadband Communications
Narrowband:
• Cellular systems, wireless LANs
• Narrow spectrum (<40 MHz)
• High dynamic range signals (>60 dB)
• Measure with spectrum analyzers and VSA tools
N9020A MXA/VSA
Broadband:
• Ultra-wideband (UWB), WiMedia MB-OFDM, radar,
satcom
• Wide spectrum (>100 MHz)
• Reasonable dynamic range signals (<40 dB)
• Measure with oscilloscope and VSA tools
Module G2—Digitizing and Analyzing
Ultra-Wideband Signals
DSO80000B Series Oscilloscope
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Aerospace and Defense Symposium 2007
Spectrum Analyzers and Oscilloscopes
Bandwidth, Dynamic range, Noise
•
Scope dynamic range < spectrum analyzers dynamic range
• Scope dynamic range improved by over-sampling and band passing
• Uncorrelated noise floor (dynamic range) can be improved, but deterministic
noise floor (spurious free dynamic range) can not
• Spectrum analyzer analysis bandwidth < scope analysis bandwidth
• Spectrum analyzers bandwidth is increased by sweeping tuner
• Wide bandwidths can be displayed but spread data cannot
Module G2—Digitizing and Analyzing
Ultra-Wideband Signals
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Aerospace and Defense Symposium 2007
Agenda
Digitizing and Analyzing Ultra-Wideband Signals
•
•
•
•
Introduction
RF Block Diagrams and Measurement Points
Compare and Contrast Narrowband vs. Wideband
Oscilloscope Digitizer Performance
(time/frequency/modulation domains)
• Software Tools (time/frequency/modulation domains)
• Agilent Products and Q&A
Module G2—Digitizing and Analyzing
Ultra-Wideband Signals
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Aerospace and Defense Symposium 2007
Oscilloscope Digitizer/System Performance
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Noise Floor
Magnitude and Phase Response
Dynamic Range
Aliasing
Input Range
Memory Depth
Harmonic Distortion
Module G2—Digitizing and Analyzing
Ultra-Wideband Signals
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Aerospace and Defense Symposium 2007
Oscilloscope Digitizer/System Performance
• Noise/spurious
• Noise often listed as the major concern
when using a high speed 8 bit digitizer
• Spurious free dynamic range (correlated
noise)
• Noise floor (uncorrelated noise)
• Eight bits equals 256 Q levels or 0.4%,
absolute effect of the A/D converter is a
sub percent error.
Module G2—Digitizing and Analyzing
Ultra-Wideband Signals
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Aerospace and Defense Symposium 2007
Example: VSA80000 Series Performance
• Review noise calculations
• Noise density (dBm/Hz) = 10 Log{[(Noise (rms)^2/ 50
ohms)/1mW]/(BW)}
• Noise floor = Noise density x input bandwidth
• Noise floor = Noise (dBm/Hz) + 20 log (BW)
• What is the noise performance of a PSA?
• About –150dBm/Hz
• What is the noise of a scope?
• About 300uV at a BW of 1 GHz (DSO8104B), or –147dBm/Hz.
• About 400uV at a BW of 12 GHz (DSO81204B) or -154dBm/Hz.
Module G2—Digitizing and Analyzing
Ultra-Wideband Signals
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Aerospace and Defense Symposium 2007
Noise Floor: A Function of Bandwidth
The noise figure is fixed, but the noise floor and bits are
not. Over-sampling and filtering reduce noise
Noise reduction control panel
@12GHz bandwidth
σ= 406uV/p-p = 4.3mV
@10GHz bandwidth
σ= 365uV/p-p = 3.6mV
DSO81204B Example
Module G2—Digitizing and Analyzing
Ultra-Wideband Signals
@6GHz bandwidth
σ= 278uV/p-p = 2.8mV
@1GHz bandwidth
σ= 153uV/p-p = 1.6mV
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Example, VSA80000 Series Performance
Magnitude and Phase Response
Module G2—Digitizing and Analyzing
Ultra-Wideband Signals
Agilent DSO81204B/DSO81304B
Magnitude (dB)
• Scopes only specify a
flatness specification of
-3db point (BW of
scope)
• Good time-domain
response necessitates
good magnitude and
phase response
• Near brick wall filter
design
6.0
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
0.0
-1.0
-2.0
-3.0
-4.0
-5.0
-6.0
Scope 12GHz
Scope 13GHz
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
Frequency (GHz)
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Aerospace and Defense Symposium 2007
Oscilloscope Digitizer/System Performance
• Dynamic Range
• Going beyond generalized
calculations based on bits
• Differentiating noise sources
• “In-band” measurements
• “Out-of-band” measurements
Wideband off the air capture
of wireless signals at IDF one
foot from UWB signal, tens of
feet from any other RF source
• Harmonic Distortion
• Second and third
Module G2—Digitizing and Analyzing
Ultra-Wideband Signals
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Aerospace and Defense Symposium 2007
Dynamic Range
Mag
Single tone (ideal sine wave, ideal FFT)
Freq
DC
Module G2—Digitizing and Analyzing
Ultra-Wideband Signals
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Aerospace and Defense Symposium 2007
Dynamic Range (Spurious Free)
Mag
Single tone (clean sine wave) + spurs
-50 dBc
Freq
DC
Module G2—Digitizing and Analyzing
Ultra-Wideband Signals
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Aerospace and Defense Symposium 2007
Dynamic Range
Mag
Single tone + random noise
-40 dBc
Freq
DC
Module G2—Digitizing and Analyzing
Ultra-Wideband Signals
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Aerospace and Defense Symposium 2007
Dynamic Range
Mag
Single tone + correlated spurs + random noise +
over-sampling and filtering
-50 dBc
-40 dBc
-20 dB
Freq
DC
Module G2—Digitizing and Analyzing
Ultra-Wideband Signals
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Aerospace and Defense Symposium 2007
Dynamic Range (Spurious Free)
Mag
Single tone (clean sine wave) + spurs + 2nd and 3rd
harmonics + over-sampling and filtering
-40 dBc
Freq
DC
Module G2—Digitizing and Analyzing
Ultra-Wideband Signals
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Aerospace and Defense Symposium 2007
Dynamic Range
Mag
OFDM modulated signal + spurs + 2nd and 3rd
harmonics + over-sampling and filtering
> -40 dBc
Freq
DC
Module G2—Digitizing and Analyzing
Ultra-Wideband Signals
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Aerospace and Defense Symposium 2007
Dynamic Range (-72 dBc)
Real world
example:
DSO801204B
Module G2—Digitizing and Analyzing
Ultra-Wideband Signals
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Aerospace and Defense Symposium 2007
Spurious Free Dynamic Range (Spurs)
Real world
example:
DSO801204B
Module G2—Digitizing and Analyzing
Ultra-Wideband Signals
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Aerospace and Defense Symposium 2007
Full Span FFT of MB-OFDM
Real world
example:
DSO801204B
Module G2—Digitizing and Analyzing
Ultra-Wideband Signals
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Aerospace and Defense Symposium 2007
Oscilloscope Digitizer/System Performance
• Range
• Oscilloscopes most sensitive range is 3 mV/division or about
–30 dBm signal full scale, practical limits about –65 dBm
• Memory
• Can be a concern, holding sample rate above Nyquist rate of
the analog bandwidth provides best performance
• Aliasing
• Can be misleading when not understood, very useful when
understood
• “Mathematical down-conversion”
• Memory conservation
Module G2—Digitizing and Analyzing
Ultra-Wideband Signals
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Aerospace and Defense Symposium 2007
The Final Measurement Results on Real Signals
Module G2—Digitizing and Analyzing
Ultra-Wideband Signals
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Aerospace and Defense Symposium 2007
The Final Measurement Results on Real Signals
Module G2—Digitizing and Analyzing
Ultra-Wideband Signals
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Aerospace and Defense Symposium 2007
QPSK, 150 MSym/s, 3 GHz, -30 dBm (Conducted)
Module G2—Digitizing and Analyzing
Ultra-Wideband Signals
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Aerospace and Defense Symposium 2007
QPSK, 150 MSym/s, 3 GHz, -30 dBm (Probed)
Module G2—Digitizing and Analyzing
Ultra-Wideband Signals
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Aerospace and Defense Symposium 2007
InfiniiMax I & II 1.5~13GHz Probing System:
Module G2—Digitizing and Analyzing
Ultra-Wideband Signals
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Aerospace and Defense Symposium 2007
QPSK, 150 MSym/s, 3 GHz, -60 dBm (Conducted)
Module G2—Digitizing and Analyzing
Ultra-Wideband Signals
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Aerospace and Defense Symposium 2007
QPSK, 150 MSym/s, 321.4MHz IF (Conducted)
Module G2—Digitizing and Analyzing
Ultra-Wideband Signals
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Aerospace and Defense Symposium 2007
QPSK, 150 MSym/s (Baseband IQ)
Module G2—Digitizing and Analyzing
Ultra-Wideband Signals
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Aerospace and Defense Symposium 2007
Agenda
Digitizing and Analyzing Ultra-Wideband Signals
•
•
•
•
Introduction
RF Block Diagrams and Measurement Points
Compare and Contrast Narrowband vs. Wideband
Oscilloscope Digitizer Performance
(time/frequency/modulation domains)
• Software Tools (time/frequency/modulation domains)
• Agilent Products and Q&A
Module G2—Digitizing and Analyzing
Ultra-Wideband Signals
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Aerospace and Defense Symposium 2007
Acquired Bursting Signal with
Segmented Memory
Analysis
Across
Segments
to Spot
Problems
Select Number of
Segments and Time
Stamping
Use Play/Search Controls to Navigate Through Segments
Module G2—Digitizing and Analyzing
Ultra-Wideband Signals
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Aerospace and Defense Symposium 2007
New N5430A User Defined Function
• “Enhance Infiniium oscilloscope with
seamless gateway to powerful MATLAB
analysis functionality”
• The N5430A user defined function allows
users to embed IP into Infiniium.
• Develop custom analysis math/functions
utilizing MATLAB functionality specific
measurement needs.
• User defined function displays returned result
in “live” on the scope display.
• Note: Users must obtain their own MATLAB
license
LFE filter function example with RTEye plotting
turned on
An example of a FIR filter simulation. The red box
shows returned value updated live on a scope
display.
Module G2—Digitizing and Analyzing
Ultra-Wideband Signals
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Aerospace and Defense Symposium 2007
InfiniiScan: Event Identification Beyond
Conventional Triggering
• Works like hardware triggers
• Uses post-process search
• Types of searches:
•
•
•
•
•
Specified Measurement
Zone Qualify (2 sizeable zones)
General Serial Pattern (up to 80 bits)
Non-Monotonic Edge
Runt Signal Finder
Module G2—Digitizing and Analyzing
Ultra-Wideband Signals
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Aerospace and Defense Symposium 2007
InfiniiScan: Event Identification Beyond Conventional
Zone qualify
Triggering
“must / must
not pass” zones
General serial
software trigger
can isolate events
up to 80 bit
Runt software finder
finds runt signal
Non-monotonic edge
finder
Module G2—Digitizing and Analyzing
Ultra-Wideband Signals
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Aerospace and Defense Symposium 2007
Unique Fault Location Decoding Capability
Real-time eye
using clock
recovery
Module G2—Digitizing and Analyzing
Ultra-Wideband Signals
Eye mask
“unfold” on
failures
8b/10b decode,
search, & triggering
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Aerospace and Defense Symposium 2007
Measurement Histograms, Trends and
Spectrum
Module G2—Digitizing and Analyzing
Ultra-Wideband Signals
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Aerospace and Defense Symposium 2007
MB-OFDM UWB Analysis
• Analyze WiMedia-based multi-band
OFDM ultra-wideband PHY-layer signals
• Supports all time frequency codes (TFC1
through TFC10), including FFI (nonhopped), TFI and TFI2 (hopped) modes
• Measure key WiMedia-based compliance
parameters such as EVM, ACPR,
frequency error, PDF, along with many
other parameters key to debug and
optimization of radio designs.
• Measure conducted (WiMedia radio C&I)
or radiated (products with integrated
antenna)
Module G2—Digitizing and Analyzing
Ultra-Wideband Signals
Individual
carrier
ACP calculation
markers and limit lines
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Aerospace and Defense Symposium 2007
Vector Modulation Analysis
for Radar & Satellite
• Characterize wideband radar and
satellite communications signals
• Capture up to 13 GHz bandwidth in
a single acquisition
Modulation
analysis of a
QPSK signal
• Measure pulsed, burst, or continuous
signals
• Analyze modulation formats such
as FSK, GFSK, MSK, BPSK, QA,
APSK, VSB, and more
• Measure constellation diagrams,
carrier offset, and frequency error
using flexible demodulation
Module G2—Digitizing and Analyzing
Ultra-Wideband Signals
RF multipath
signals
analysis
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Aerospace and Defense Symposium 2007
Jitter
Analysis
Compliance
Utilities
Software Applications
Comments
E2681A EZJIT Jitter Analysis
Measurements, histograms, measurement trending, jitter spectrum
N5400A EZJIT Plus Jitter Analysis
Adds jitter separation into components and bit error rate
E2690B M1 Oscilloscope Tools
Most advanced and flexible jitter analysis package
E2688A SDA Serial Data Analysis
Clock recovery, mask testing, real-time eyes, 8b/10b decode & trigger
N5414A InfiniiScan Event ID (NEW!)
Event identification SW: glitch, serial, zones, measurement limits,
89601A Vector Signal Analysis
Ultra-wide-band, multi-port vector signal analysis.
N5391A Low Speed SDA
Decode, search & trigger on I2C, SPI low speed serial bus protocols
N5402A CAN Serial Data Analysis
Decode, search & trigger on CAN serial bus protocol.
N5416A USB Compliance
Test selection, configuration, connection, execution, results.
N5392A Ethernet Compliance
Test selection, configuration, connection, execution, results.
Fire-Wire Compliance
FW compliance solution from 3rd party partner.
N5394A DVI Compliance
Test selection, configuration, connection, execution, results.
N5399A HDMI Compliance
Test selection, configuration, connection, execution, results.
N5393A PCI Express Compliance
Test selection, configuration, connection, execution, results.
N5413A DDR2 Clock Characterize.
Test selection, configuration, connection, execution, results.
N5409A Fully Buffered DIMM
Wizard based test framework as above
N5410A Fiber Channel Comp.
Wizard based test framework as above
N5411A Serial ATA Compliance
Wizard based test framework as above
N5412A SAS Compliance
Wizard based test framework as above
N5430A User Defined Function
Seamless linkage to MATLAB to support custom functions
N5403A Noise Reduction
DSP noise reduction capability
E2625A – Comms Mask Test Kit
Low speed electrical mask testing for ANSI and ITU standards
E2699A My Infiniium
Customize Infiniium user interface to launch 3rd party executables
E2682A Voice Control Option
Hands free operation of the Infiniium oscilloscope
Module G2—Digitizing and Analyzing
Ultra-Wideband Signals
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Aerospace and Defense Symposium 2007
Conditioning RF Signals for Envelope Measurements
PRI Reference
Trigger
PULSED
RADAR
Infiniium
Oscilloscope
Crystal Detector
Pulse Envelope
Ch1
Jitter
Source
Using PRI reference to trigger scope and get the jitter of pulse envelope.
Need a crystal detector to get pulse envelope from RF/MW radar signal.
Module G2—Digitizing and Analyzing
Ultra-Wideband Signals
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Aerospace and Defense Symposium 2007
Conditioning RF Signals for Triggering
Low trigger jitter required
Ch1
PULSED
RADAR
Infiniium
Oscilloscope
Crystal Detector
Pulse Envelope
Trigger
Jitter
Source
Using pulse envelope to trigger scope and acquire RF/MW radar signal.
Need a crystal detector to get pulse envelope from RF/MW radar signal.
Module G2—Digitizing and Analyzing
Ultra-Wideband Signals
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Aerospace and Defense Symposium 2007
Agenda
Digitizing and Analyzing Ultra-Wideband Signals
•
•
•
•
Introduction
RF Block Diagrams and Measurement Points
Compare and Contrast Narrowband vs. Wideband
Infiniium Digitizer Performance
(time/frequency/modulation domains)
• Software Tools (time/frequency/modulation domains)
• Agilent Products and Q&A
Module G2—Digitizing and Analyzing
Ultra-Wideband Signals
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Aerospace and Defense Symposium 2007
VSA80000 Series
Complete System:
• 89601A VSA software is pre-installed, licensed,
and operation verified
• Include any scope or VSA options to customize
to your needs
• Launch the VSA software from scope UI
(Analyze menu pick)
• Configurable to turn-on as a UWB VSA or a
scope (Utility menu pick)
• Comes with 12 months free VSA software
update subscription to keep up-to-date
Enable means
• GSA listed
boot up as a VSA
• 10 MHz reference
Module G2—Digitizing and Analyzing
Ultra-Wideband Signals
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Aerospace and Defense Symposium 2007
It’s an Ultra-Wideband VSA, not Just a Scope:
• Save time by not having to install and license the VSA software
• Eliminate procurement issues of not being able to buy a scope or software
• The front panel label identifies it as a VSA80000A UWB VSA
Module G2—Digitizing and Analyzing
Ultra-Wideband Signals
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Aerospace and Defense Symposium 2007
VSA 80000 Series
• Provides wideband analysis
for RF R&D engineers
requiring >80MHz bandwidth.
Up to 13 GHz bandwidth.
– Ultra-wideband (UWB)
– Aerospace/defense—radar,
secure communications,
satellite
• Natural extension for digital
R&D engineers already using
a scope, working on
communications systems
Module G2—Digitizing and Analyzing
Ultra-Wideband Signals
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Aerospace and Defense Symposium 2007
VSA8000A Series (Infiniium DSO and 89601A VSA SW)
Model DSO 80204B 80304B 80404B 80604B 80804B 81004B 81204B 81304B
Bandwidth
2 GHz
3 GHz
4 GHz
6 GHz
8 GHz
10 GHz
12 GHz
13 GHz
# of Channels
4 Channels
Sample Rate
20 GSa/s on Full Channels (3 or 4), 40 GSa/s on Half Channels (1 or 2)
Noise
1.0mV
1.2 mV
1.4 mV
1.7 mV
2.0 mV
2.3 mV
2.7 mV
3.3 mV
Max Serial 1.3 Gbs 2 Gbs
Bus Rate
Base Price $30,000 $38,000
2.5 Gbs
4 Gbs
5 Gbs
6.6 Gbs
8 Gbs
8.5 Gbs
(rms at 100 mV/div)
Optional
Memory
(10Gbs for jitter
measurements)
$48,000 $65,000 $75,000 $90,000 $105,000 $115,000
1 M (.25M standard) on Full Channels, 2 M (.5M standard) on Half Channels
+$6,000 (Includes 64 M up to 4 GSa/s)
Module G2—Digitizing and Analyzing
Ultra-Wideband Signals
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Aerospace and Defense Symposium 2007
VSA80000A Series
• Provides wideband analysis for RF
R&D engineers requiring >80MHz
bandwidth up to 1 GHz bandwidth.
– Ultra-wideband (UWB)
– Aerospace/defense—radar,
secure communications,
satellite
• Natural extension for digital R&D
engineers already using a scope,
working on communications
systems
• Deep memory up to 128 Mpts
Model
Bandwidth Channels Sample Rate Max Memory
enables long time capture at max
DSO8104A
1 GHz
4 ch
4 GSa/s
128 Mpts
sample rate for best demodulation
MSO8104A
Module G2—Digitizing and Analyzing
Ultra-Wideband Signals
1 GHz
4+16 ch
4 GSa/s
128 Mpts
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Aerospace and Defense Symposium 2007
6000 Series Scope + 89601A VSA SW Solution
• Provides low cost (starting at $4,500)
wideband (>100MHz) signal analysis for
RF R&D engineers. Up to 1 GHz
bandwidth.
– Education
– Ultra-wideband (UWB)
– Aerospace/defense—radar, secure
communications, satellite
– Provides flexible in-depth digital
modulation analysis (opt AYA). Up to 1
GHz bandwidth.
• Deep memory up to 8 Mpts enables long
time capture at max sample rate for best
demodulation
• External PC required to run VSA software.
Module G2—Digitizing and Analyzing
Ultra-Wideband Signals
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Aerospace and Defense Symposium 2007
Summary
• Radio advancements are changing testing needs
• Infiniium Series scopes provide world class
digitizing performance for RF applications
• New scope measurement capabilities aid A&D
design and debug
Module G2—Digitizing and Analyzing
Ultra-Wideband Signals
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Aerospace and Defense Symposium 2007
Q&A
Learn more at
www.agilent.com/find/vsa80000
www.agilent.com/find/uwb
Thank you
Module G2—Digitizing and Analyzing
Ultra-Wideband Signals
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