Physical Geography
Inside Earth
• Layers:
• Crust: thin layer of rock, sand and soil
• Mantle: thick layer of rock (melted…deeper is
solid)
• Core: center of Earth, made of nickel and iron
Earthquakes and Volcanoes
• What causes them?
• What do they look like?
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w3AdFjklR50
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xExdEXOaA9A
Bodies of Water
• Ocean: a very large part of the sea.
• Lake: a large body of water surrounded by land.
• River: a large natural stream of water flowing in a channel to the
sea, a lake, or another such stream.
• Glacier: a slowly moving mass of ice.
• Delta: landform that forms at the mouth of a river, where the
river flows into an ocean, sea, estuary, lake, or reservoir.
• Bay: a broad inlet of the sea where the land curves inward.
Landforms
• Mountain: a large natural elevation of the earth's
surface rising abruptly from the surrounding level.
• Desert: A dry, often sandy region of little rainfall,
extreme temperatures, and sparse vegetation.
• Volcano: a mountain or hill that has a crater or
vent through which lava, rock fragments, hot
vapor, and gas can erupt from the earth's crust.
• Canyon: a deep gorge, typically one with a river flowing through it.
• Plateau: an area of relatively level high ground.
• Plain: a flat region.
• Peninsula: a piece of land almost surrounded by water or
projecting out into a body of water.
• Island: a piece of land surrounded by water.
The Five Climate Regions
• Polar Climates
• Cool/moist Climates
• Warm/moist Climates
• Dry Climates
• Tropical, rainy Climates
What affects climate?
• Latitude
• Elevation
• The Ocean
Earth’s Resources
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Natural Resource: anything we use that comes from the Earth. (air,
water…what else?)
Fossil Fuels: coal, oil, or natural gas that formed over millions of years from
the remains of plants and tiny animals.
Renewable Resources: resources that can be replaced as they are used
(trees, etc.).
Nonrenewable Resources: resources that cannot be quickly replaced (coal,
natural gas, etc.).
Earth’s Resources
• What do we use them for?
• Which resources can be harmful to our planet?
• Which resources are the best option in terms of
providing for but NOT HARMING our planet?