SOCIAL ELEMENTS OF POLICING
BY: RICHARD MARTIN, NICK STEFF,
COMMUNITY POLICING OVERVIEW
• Regarded as one of the most important/significant trends in history of American Police
• Evolves Constantly
• Changes as the needs of society change
• Methods change and evolve as policing does
ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS
1.
Partnerships
2.
Problem Solving
3.
Organizational Change
PARTNERSHIPS
• Central to modern day policing due to the fact that they recognize a basic truth… law
enforcement can’t do it alone.
• Describes the “indispensable” relationship between the police and the community.
• Directed toward improving the quality of life.
PROBLEM SOLVING
• Seeks to reduce problems problem’s by addressing their underlying causes.
• The core issues
ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE
• Partnerships and problem solving will not occur spontaneously within our agencies, the
presence of organizational change is key.
• High ranking police are more supportive with community policing than patrol officers and
investigators.
4 DIMENSIONS OF COMMUNITY POLICING
1.
Philosophical Dimension- Citizen input, a broadened function, and personalized service. (“For
the people, by the people”)
2.
Strategic Dimension- Puts philosophy into action. Reoriented operations, geographical focus,
and prevention emphasis.
3.
Tactical Dimension- Translates the philosophical and strategic dimensions into concrete
programs and practices. (Positive interactions, partnerships, problem solving)
4.
Organizational Dimensions- More info in chapter 5.
MAGUIRE & MASTROFSKI (2000)
• Examined the dimensionality of the community policing movement and found that the number
of dimensions underlying the community policing movement varied significantly according to
the source of data.
SKOLNICK & BAYLEY (1998)
• 4 recurring elements of community policing found internationally.
1. Community based crime prevention
2. Patrol Activities
3. Increased Police accountability
4. Decentralization of command
BAYLEY (1994)
• 4 Dimensions
1. Consultations
2. Adaptation
3. Mobilization
4. Problem-Solving
BRATTON (1996)
• Defined Community Policing as the 3 “ps”
1. Partnership
2. Problem Solving
3. Prevention
ROHE, ADAMS, ARCURY, MEMORY, & KLOPVIC (96)
• Differences between Community Policing and normal police work.
1. Shared responsibility
2. Prevention
3. Increased descretion
RUTH & JOHNSON (1997)
• Operationalized community
1. Problem Solving
2. Community Partnership
3. Preventative Interventions
4. Organizational Change