WHAP SEMESTER VOCAB REVIEW KEY Units I-IV 2011-2012
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
k.
l.
m.
n.
o.
p.
q.
r.
s.
t.
u.
v.
w.
x.
y.
z.
aa.
bb.
cc.
dd.
ee.
ff.
gg.
hh.
ii.
jj.
kk.
1.
absolute monarchies
agricultural revolution
Akbar
Ankor Wat
Ancestor veneration
Aristotle
astrolabe
Axum
Baghdad
Bantu migrations
Bedouin
Berber
Benin
Black death
Byzantine empire
Caravanserai
Caravels
Caste
Chabi
Chang'an
Champa rice
chinampa
Chinggis Khan
City-state
Civil service
Columbian exchange
corvee
Creoles
daimyo
Diasporic communities
Daoism
devsrhime
dhow
Dutch studies
Encomienda
Enlightenment
Filial Piety
ll. Goa
mm.
Great Zimbabwe
nn. Griots
oo. Gupta
pp. Han
qq. Hellenism
rr. Hindu numerals
ss. Huns
tt. Ibn Battuta
uu. Incas
vv. Janissaries
ww. Jesuits
xx. jizya
yy. joint stock company
zz. Junks
aaa. Karakorum
bbb. karma
ccc. Kiev
ddd. Kilwa
eee. Kush
fff. Locke, John
ggg. manioc
hhh. mercantilism
iii. Malacca
jjj. Mali
kkk. Mameluks
lll. Mansa Musa
mmm. Martin Luther
nnn. Matteo Ricci
ooo. Manoralism
ppp. mestizo
qqq. mita
rrr. Monasticism
sss. Mongols
ttt. Mughal
uuu. Neo-Confucianism
vvv. Nestorians
www. Olmecs
xxx. Pastoralism
yyy. Patriarchy
zzz. Polynesian migrations
aaaa.
Peter the Great
bbbb. Protestant
Reformation
cccc.
qanat
dddd. Renaissance
eeee.
sanskrit
ffff. Scholar-gentry
gggg. Scholasticism
hhhh. School of National
Learning
iiii. Shang
jjjj. Sharia
kkkk.
Shintoism
llll. Shogun
mmmm. Sikhism
nnnn. Shi’a
oooo.
sinification
pppp. stateless societies
qqqq. sufis
rrrr. Swahili city-states
ssss.
Taj Mahal
tttt. Tenochtitlan
uuuu. Teotihuacan
vvvv. Timbuktu
wwww. tributary
relationship
xxxx. Trung sisters
yyyy. vizier
zzzz.
Yuan dynasty
aaaaa. Zheng He
bbbbb. Zoroastrianism
_yyyy ___Ottoman equivalent of the Abbasid wazir; head of the Ottoman bureaucracy; after 15th century often more
powerful than sultan.
2. __w__Originally Temujin. Mongol conqueror who united the Mongol tribes and forged an empire stretching from China to
the Danube River and into Persia .
3. _mmmm___a monotheistic religion founded during the Mughal dynasty, believing that human beings spend their time in a
cycle of birth, life, and rebirth
4. _gg___traditional sailing vessels with lateen sails used in the Indian Ocean
5. __yy____A form of business organization that resembled a modern corporation. Individuals invested in the company through
the purchase of shares. Companies were give a royal monopoly to trade in a particular area. Used most effectively in the early
modern era by the British and Dutch
6. __xx___head tax levied on non-Islamic citizens in Muslim states-in return for payment of the tax and obedience to the state,
communities were allowed to practice their faith
7. _ggg___root crop which was indigenous to the Americas and which spread as part of the Columbian exchange, leading to
population growth in areas such as Africa where it spread.
8. __vvvv___Port city of Mali; located just off the flood plain on the great bend in the Niger River; population of 50,000;
contained a library and university.
9. __oooo___ Extensive adaptation of Chinese culture in other regions; typical of Korea and Japan, less typical of Vietnam.
10. __k__Nomadic pastoralists of the Arabian peninsula; culture based on camel and goat nomadism; early converts to Islam.
11. __rr___is a positional decimal numeral system first documented in ancient India no later than the ninth century, and later
spread to the western world through Arabic mathematicians. The system is based on ten (originally nine) different glyphs
12. __rrrr___ Urbanized commercial centers in East Africa sharing common Bantu-based and Arabic-influenced Swahili
language and other cultural traits; included Mogadishu, Mombasa, Malindi, Kilwa, Pate, and Zanzibar.
13. __d___A Khmer temple complex in SE Asia, , built in the early 12th century as a state temple and capital city.—first first
Hindu, dedicated to Vishnu, then Buddhist.
14. __bbbbb___Persian religion that saw material existence as battle between forces of good and evil; stressed the importance of
moral choice; righteous lived on after death in "House of Song"
15. _hhh___Economic doctrine in which government control of foreign trade and the creation of a positive balance of trade is of
paramount importance for ensuring the prosperity and security of the state. Leads to tight governmental restrictions on the
economies of colonies and protective policies for selected industries. Very much the opposite ideas as laissez faire..
16. _i___ Capital of Abbasid dynasty located in Iraq near ancient Persian capital of Ctesiphon.
17. __ppp____ person of mixed Spanish and indigenous descent in the Americas; part of the sociedad de las castes.
18. __h_____Kingdom located in Ehiopian highlands; early converted to Christianty and retained Chrsitianity even when Islam
spread into Africa
19. __j___originated in a region that is now modern Nigeria and Cameroon; their migrations were one of the most important in
human history, spreading language, knowledge of agriculture and eventually, iron technology. By about 1000 CE peoples
speaking the language they spread occupied most of Africa south of the equator.
20. __ccc__Trade city in southern Russia established by Scandinavian traders in 9th century; became focal point for kingdom of
Russia that flourished to 12th century
21. __c___ Mughal leader who centralized the administrative structure of the government and who pursued a policy of religious
toleration aimed at reducing tensions between Hindu and Muslim communities. He also encouraged the elaboration of a
syncretic religion called the divine faith that focused attention on the emperor as a ruler common to all the religious, ethnic,
and social groups of India.
22. _b____Occurred between 8000 and 5000 b.c.e.; transition from hunting and gathering to sedentary agriculture.
23. _a____ features kings who make decisions without parliaments, appointed professionalized armies and bureaucracies,
established state churches, imposed state economic policies
24. __eee___An African state that developed along the upper reaches of the Nile c. 1000 b.c.e.; conquered Egypt and ruled it for
several centuries.
25. __ll___ Portuguese town in India often used for forcible entry into Asian sea trade network; the center of Christian
missionary activity in India.
26. __kkkk___ Religion of early Japanese culture; devotees worshipped numerous gods and spirits associated with the natural
world; offers of food and prayers made to gods and nature spirits.
27. __oo___ The second Indian empire, Hindu, founded during the 4 th century C.E; extended to all but the southern regions of
the Indian subcontinent and was less centralized than the preceding empire.
28. __mm___ a magnificent stone complex situated between the Zambesi and the Limpopo Rivers; up to eighteen thousand
residents lived in the city during the late 15-th- century.
29. __rrr___ Ascetic religious movements found within Buddhism and Christianity; communities of religious people live
together, often self sufficient, provide services to the poor, provide an opportunity for women to exercise power.
30. __y___ an outgrowth of the Confucian belief that the state should be ruled by men of ability and virtue.
31. __ffff___ Chinese class created by the marital linkage of the local land-holding aristocracy with the office-holding shi;
superseded shi as governors of China.
32. __pp___ Chinese dynasty that succeeded the Qin in 202 BCE.; ruled for next 400 years.
33. __dddd__ Cultural flowering of Western Europe from the 14th through the 16th centuries. Arts and scholarly works reflected
a revived interest in the classics of ancient Greece and Rome and a growing concern for individualism and secularism
34. _ooo_____The “cradle of civilization” focused on the Tigris and Euphrates rivers where Sumerians developed many
fundamental elements of early civilization, also home of Akkadian, Babylonian and Assyrian empires, territory of modernday Iraq.
35. __www___ First complex society of the Americas, with its center located on the coast of the Gulf of Mexico, near the
modern Mexican city of Veracruz.
36. _x___ Form of government typical in ancient Mesopotamia and classical Greece; urban-based kingdom ruled by kings &
nobles.
37. _xxx___ Form of society in which nomadic groups herd animals on which they relied for food.
38. __r___ Refers to a social class of hereditary and usually unchangeable status and was first introduced into Indian society by
the Aryans.
39. __ee___ School of thought during the Warring States period, appearing as a critique to Confucian activism; represented an
effort to understand the fundamental character of nature in order to learn how to live in harmony with it.
40. _zzzz____ Sinicized Mongol dynasty in China established by Khubilai Khan in 1279; collapsed in 1368.
41. __kk___ The duty of children to respect and honor their parents.
42. __ssss___ This most famous Mughal monument was built by Shah Jhan as a mosque and tomb for his wife Mumatz Mahal, it
took eighteen years to erect.
43. ___fff___ English philosopher (1632-1704) who attacked the Divine Right of Kings and argued that government depended
on the consent of the governed. His political ideas were taken up by America’s founding fathers. He argued that the primary
purpose of government ought to be to protect life, liberty and property.
44. __jj____an intellectual movement of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries marked by a celebration of human reason, the
promotion of religious tolerance and a desire to construct governments free of tyranny.
45. __bbbb___Early sixteenth century movement critical of the authority of the Roman Catholic Church and motivated both by
religious and political reasons.
46. __ww___A religious order in the Roman Catholic Church founded in the 16 th century and which became the spearhead of the
Counter Reformation. The order has a long tradition of vigorous missionary work and of intellectual and scholarly
achievement.
47. __ii____Forced labor system used by the Spanish empire against the indigenous people of the Americas. In exchange for
Indian labor the Spanish managers were to assume responsibility to look after their workers' health and welfare and to
encourage their conversion to Christianity. In fact, this system was akin to slavery.
48. __jjj___Large Bantu empire of west Africa, established by the lion prince Sundiata on the ruins of the Ghana state during the
early 13-th- century; probably the wealthiest land in sub-Saharan Africa; known for its gold trade; overcome by Songhay
empire by the late 15-th- century.
49. __vvv___A Christian sect found in Asia; tended to support Islamic invasion of this area in preference to Byzantine rule; cut
off from Europe by Muslim invasions.
50. __ss___Asiatic nomadic groups who overthrew the Gupta Empire and the Han dynasty.
51. __tttt___Capital city of the Aztec empire, sitting on an island in Lake Texcoco; at its high point in the early 16th century,
tribute from some 489 subject territories flowed into the city, and its population reached to about two hundred thousand.
52. _t___Capital of Tang Dynasty built under Tang Taizong; the world's most populous city with as many as two million
residents; a cosmopolitan, cultural mecca.
53. __aaa___important city of the Mongol empire under Chinggis Khan; present-day Har Horin, located about 186 miles west of
the modern Mongolian capital of Ulaanbaatar; symbolized a source of Mongol authority superior to the clan or tribe.
54. _sss___central Asian nomadic peoples who created the greatest contiguous empire in history and ruled in the 1200s and
1300s
55. __aaaaa__Chinese explorer who represents China’s only attempt to create a worldwide trading empire.
56. _zz____Chinese ships equipped with watertight bulkheads, sternpost rudders, compasses and bamboo fenders; dominate
force in Asian seas south of the Malayan peninsula.
57. _qq____Culture derived from the Greek civilization that flourished between 800 and 400 BCE; spread from Greece to the
Himalayas
58. __o__derived from the Eastern half of the Roman empire; lasted over 1000 years. Preserved Roman law and administrative
institutions; developed and spread Orthodox Christianity; caesoropapisim
59. __n__Devastating epidemic that first erupted in the 1330s in southwestern China; spread throughout China and central Asia
and by the late 1340s reached southwest Asia and Europe
60. __hhhh__Emphasized Japan’s unique history and indigenous culture.
61. __ttt___Founded by Babur, this empire controlled India until the 18 th century.
62. _z___Global diffusion of plants, food crops, animals, human populations, and disease pathogens that took place after voyages
of exploration by Columbus.
63. __bbb__ the residue of deeds performed in past and present lives that adheres to a spirit and determines what form it will
assume in its next life cycle.
64. __f___Greek philosopher; Plato's pupil and teacher of Alexander of Macedon; believed that philosophers could rely on their
senses to provide accurate information about the world and then depend on reason to sort out its mysteries; devised rigorous
rules of logic as means of constructing compelling arguments.
65. __gggg___Influential theology of medieval Europe during the 13th century; sought to synthesize the beliefs and values of
Christianity with the logical rigor of Greek philosophy.
66. _jjjj___Islamic holy law; reflected social and ethical values derived from Islamic religious principles.
67. __nnn___Jesuit scholar in China who recognized that European scientific knowledge and technical skills were the keys to
conversion and to a presence in the Ming court.
68. _uu____Most powerful people of Andean America; established empire in the early 15th century that dominated Andean
society until the coming of Europeans; spoke Quechua language.
69. __tt__Muslim judge and scholar who traveled widely through the Islamic world in the 14 th century recording his travels
70. _kkk____Muslim slave warriors; established a dynasty in Egypt, defeated the Mongols at Ain Julut in 1260 and halted
Mongol advance
71. __pppp___One form of social organization adopted by the Bantu in sub-Saharan Africa; governed mostly through family and
kinship groups without elaborate hierarchy of officials or a bureaucracy.
72. __s___One of Khubilai Khan's four wives, a Nestorian Christian, influenced policy and practices
73. __ddd___One of the Swahili city-states that emerged on the east African coast during the 11-th- or 12-th- century; actively
participated in trade of the Indian Ocean basin and enjoyed tremendous prosperity; suffered a devastating sack by Portuguese
mariners in 1505.
74. ___aaa____Labor system of the Inca which required persons to provide labor services for a certain number of days a year;
used to provide roads, bridges etc
75. __vv___Powerful and successful Ottoman infantry division primarily composed of conscripted teenage boys from conquered
regions.
76. __iii___powerful trading city located on the tip of the Malayan peninsula, traditionally a center for trade among the
southeastern Asian Islands
77. __nn___professional oral historians who served as keepers of traditions and advisors to kings in African kingdoms
78. _uuu___Represents new development of Confucianism during the Song dynasty as Chinese intellectuals were increasingly
influenced by Buddhist thought. Retained Confucian tradition but became more speculative and philosophical than the early
Confucianism; became the basis of the Confucian civil service examination system.
79. __lll___Ruler of Mali empire, grand-nephew of Sundiata; reigned from 1312 to 1337; well known in Islamic world for his
grand pilgrimage to Mecca in 1324-1325; policies greatly promoted Islamic faith in his empire.
80. __q__Slender long-hulled vessels which were highly maneuverable and able to sail against the wind; used by the Portuguese
(and then by the Spanish) to explore the Atlantic.
81. __llll__hereditary military rulers from 1192 to 1867 in Japan. Nominally appointed by the emperor, they were the de facto
rulers of Japan until the end of the Tokugawa Period.
82. __uuuu___Largest city in pre_columbain Americas; at its zenith (crica 450 C) may have had 200,000 inhabitants.
83. _aaaa____Tsar who reigned between 1682 to 1725. Instituted a policy of forced and rapid modernization in Russia.
Reformed the Russian military, bureaucracy, social reform. Made St. Petersburg the new capital city in 1702.
84. __wwww__Unequal system between China and surrounding countries; peoples of the neighboring lands would recognize
Chinese emperors as their overlords. Envoys from subordinate states would regularly present gifts to Chinese court and
perform the kowtow ritual as tokens of their subordination. In return they received confirmation of their authority as well as
lavish gifts from the Chinese court. The system facilitated trade and cultural exchange between China and other countries.
85. __bb___Individuals in New Spain who were born of European parents but in the Americas. Because of their "new world"
birth they ranked below the peninsulares in the social hierarchy
86. _mmm___German monk who challenged the authority of the Roman Catholic Church by questioning the sale of indulgences.
Legend has it that he made his challenge a public debate by nailing the Ninety-Five Theses on the doors of a Wittenberg
church
87. __yyy__A system of social organization in which men have vested authority over all public and private affairs.
88. __iiii__ The dominant people in the earliest Chinese dynasty for which written records exist (ca. 1750-1027 B.C.E.); the
monopolization of bronze and its use in ritual purposes were major societal elements
89. _qqqq___Islamic mystics who believe that God’s love shines through everything, even ugliness and evil, and that by
attaining a certain state of mind, one can directly experience this. They are responsible for much of the expansion of Islam
through Southeast Asia.
90. __hh__Centers for Western learning permitted only in Nagasaki by the Tokugawa; emphasized Western technological and
scientific advances
91. __e Honor, respect, worship of ancestors whose spirits are frequently held to possess the power to influence the affairs of the
living.
92. __g___an early instrument for measuring the angle between the horizon and a star or planet. Developed in the Hellenistic
world and perfected by Muslims during the Islamic Golden Age.
93. __l__Indigenous nomads of North Africa; instrumental in the spread of Islam across the Sahara.
94. __p__Inns which provided accommodation and other amenities for the merchants and stabling for their animals along the
Silk Roads
95. __u__Quick-maturing, drought resistant grain that can allow two harvests of sixty days each in one growing season
introduced into China from Vietnam during the Song dynasty.
96. __v____small, stationary, artificial island built by MesoAmericans on a freshwater lake for agricultural purposes
97. _aa____forced labor system where subjects had to provide a certain number of days of work to the state or a lord or king or
governor.
98. _cc____powerful territorial lords in feudal Japan who ruled most of the country from their vast, hereditary landholdings.
99. __dd___groups of people settled far from their ancestral homelands as a result of migration or dispersal
100. __ff___Ottoman requirement that communities send a portion of young boys for service as slaves as soldiers or in the
Sultan's court.
101. _zzz____Movement of peoples in the Pacific which populated many Islands; spread knowledge of agriculture
102. _cccc____Underground irrigation canals developed in the Persian empires.
103. __eeee___ancient language of India with Indo-European roots; original language of the Vedic religions
104. _nnnn____Smaller branch of Islam mostly found in Iran and Iraq, and among the Palestinians. They consider certain direct
descendants of Ali - the Imams - infallible and the true inheritors of Mohammed.
105. _xxxx____Vietnamese women who led a rebellion for 3 years against the Han
106. _m____ West African Kingdom famous for Bronze statues